The role of Community-based RJ Projects in the Formulation and Deployment of an Adult Restorative Justice Strategy for Northern Ireland.

北方爱尔兰（NI）是一个冲突后社会，仍在努力处理暴力的后果。在近30年的政治冲突中，非正式形式的私刑已成为当地社区的正常做法。武装准军事组织主要通过暴力惩罚制度控制对犯罪的反应。社区恢复性司法项目是为了应对这种暴力行为而设立的，并试图结束准军事部队有效地维持自己社区治安的现象（McEhran和Mika，2002年）。研究人员强调了这种从冲突过渡所带来的挑战，指出它如何给北爱尔兰留下一个独特的公民正义竞技场，在许多方面继续在冲突中明显的同一部落边界内运作（欧文，2003年）。过去的其他习惯仍然存在于社会的重要部分，他们坚持对被认为的不法行为做出惩罚性反应，而不是专注于恢复与和解（Mcnaull，2016）。正如里士满和Gëzim Visoka（2021年）所强调的那样，正在进行的和平与和解进程需要解决社会中的不信任和怀疑问题，这些问题从社区和国家的角度来看仍然是相关的。自2007年以来，两个CBRJ项目已根据2007年政府议定书获得认证，他们的工作被认为是有价值的，无论是在使当地社区远离武装团体的暴力行为方面，还是在通过他们的伙伴关系工作使警察等关键国家行为体更接近当地社区方面（CJI，2019）。恢复性司法在关键政府部门站稳脚跟的方式，导致人们呼吁对RJ采取更正式的方法，从而提出了一项拟议的成人恢复性司法战略。该战略旨在建立一个全面的恢复性方法，以现有的青年司法立法为基础，其中包含RJ做法。特别是，《反腐败司法战略》提供了一个机会，“更好地满足犯罪受害者的需要，并为犯罪受害者受到的伤害提供补救.”。与社会各界携手合作”（律政司，2020年，第5页）。这项研究将探讨这些新的建议和潜在的“伙伴关系”意味着什么，为CBRJ项目的未来，并将分析其潜力，重新构建的民族精神和应用程序中的犯罪和伤害的反应北方爱尔兰独特的过渡背景。

Northern Ireland (NI) is a post conflict society still grappling with the aftermath of violence. During the almost 30 years of political conflict, informal forms of vigilante justice became normal practice in local communities. With armed paramilitary organisations predominantly controlling responses to perceived crime through violent punishment regimes. Community based restorative justice (CBRJ) projects were formed as a response to such violence and attempted to put an end to the paramilitaries effectively policing their own communities (McEvoy and Mika, 2002). Researchers have highlighted challenges posed by this transition from conflict noting how it has left NI with a distinctively unique civic justice arena that in many ways continues to operate within the same tribal boundaries evident in the conflict (Irwin, 2003). Other habits of the past remain with significant sections of society wedded to punitive responses to perceived wrongdoing rather than focusing on restoration and reconciliation (Mcnaull, 2016). As Richmond and Gëzim Visoka, (2021) highlight, the ongoing processes of peace and reconciliation need to address issues of mistrust and suspicion in society , issues that remain pertinent from both a community and state perspective.It is amidst this transitional setting that CBRJ projects operate in many of the local communities most impacted by conflict. Since 2007, two CBRJ projects have been accredited under the 2007 government protocol with their work being viewed as valuable both in terms of moving local communities away from the violence perpetuated by armed groups, and in bringing key state actors like the police closer to local communities through their partnership work (CJI, 2019). The way restorative justice has gained a foothold across key government sectors has led to callings for a more formalised approach to RJ, resulting in a proposed Adult Restorative Justice Strategy (ARJS). This strategy is looking to create an overarching restorative approach, building on the existing Youth Justice legislation which embeds RJ practice. Particularly, the ARJS provides an opportunity to 'better meet the needs of, and provide redress for the harm caused to, victims of crime...in partnership with the community' (Department of Justice, 2020, p.5). This research will explore what these new proposals and potential 'partnerships' mean, for the future of the CBRJ projects, and will analyse their potential to reframe both the ethos and application of responses to crime and harm amidst Northern Ireland's unique transitional context.