Green Infrastructure: understanding its role in mitigating current and future flood risk in urban areas

仅在英格兰，就有320万户家庭位于地表水泛滥的危险地区，每年的损失超过3亿GB。据预测，到2050年，这种相关破坏的成本可能会增加40%。绿色基础设施(GI)可以提供一种手段，通过渗透、拦截、蒸腾作用减少进入排水系统的水量，并提供临时和更长期的储存。需要证据来理解GI在时间和空间上如何、在哪里以及何时帮助缓解洪水风险。这个项目将考虑以下研究问题：*我们如何在我们的洪水风险影响模型中更好地表示绿色基础设施的结构和功能？*我们如何在现有的城市结构中设计绿色基础设施，以最大化效益和降低成本？*在未来气候下，绿色基础设施作为一种缓解洪水的措施将有多有效？该项目将在国家绿色基础设施和全市不同GI类型的地点进行一些受控实验。然后，将利用观测结果为CityCat中可靠和强大的基于物理的渗透组件、能够模拟洪水风险的水动力模型以及在大空间领域的高分辨率下GI在缓解这种风险方面所起的作用提供信息。该项目的成果将包括改善对GI性能的了解；评估GI的长期性能和成本，包括管理和维护；以及协助设计未来GI战略，以减轻城市地区气候引发的洪水风险。

In England alone, 3.2 million households are located in areas at risk of surface water flooding, with annual damages exceeding £300 million. It is projected that this cost of associated damage could increase by 40% by the 2050s.Green infrastructure (GI) can provide a means of reducing the amount of water entering drainage systems via infiltration, interception, transpiration and providing both temporary and more longer-term storage. Evidence is needed to understand how, where and when GI aids flood risk mitigation over time and space.This project will consider the following research questions:* How can we better represent the structure and function of green infrastructure in our flood risk impact models?* How can we design green infrastructure into the existing urban fabric to maximise benefits and reduce costs? * How effective will green infrastructure be as a flood mitigation measure under future climate?This project will conduct a number of controlled experiments at the National Green Infrastructure Facility and at locations of different GI types across the city. Observations will then be used to inform a reliable and robust physically-based infiltration component in CityCAT, a hydrodynamic model capable of simulating flood risk, and the role of GI in mitigating that risk at high resolutions over large spatial domains. Outcomes from this project will include improved understanding of GI performance; assess long-term performance and costs of GI, including management and maintenance; and aid design of future GI strategies to mitigate climate-induced flood risk in urban areas.