The gendered experience of internment: Jewish and Gypsy women in French camps, 1940-1946

本文将考察占领时期犹太人和吉普赛妇女在法国拘留营中的经历，运用性别理论考察大屠杀，以及吉普赛人遭受迫害的第一手经历，将被占领的法国研究中仍未被挖掘的两个领域结合在一起。术语“吉普赛人”在这里被用作法语术语“tsigane”的最接近的翻译，该术语指的是吉普赛人和辛提人。通过分析被拘留妇女的信件、个人著作和证词，我将阐明犹太和吉普赛妇女经常被忽视的叙事，并试图回答以下问题：犹太和吉普赛妇女的性别在哪些方面奠定了她们被拘留的经历？法国人的身份、国籍和“他者”的观念对他们的经历有何影响？可用于研究她们的资料来源的差异如何影响我们对这些妇女历史的理解？

This thesis will examine the experience of Jewish and Gypsy women in French internment camps during the Occupation.Using gender theory to investigate the Holocaust, and the first-hand experiences of persecution of the Gypsy people, itwill bring together two areas that remain underexplored in the study of Occupied France. The term "Gypsy" is employedhere as the closest translation of the French term "Tsigane" designating Roma and Sinti populations. Through analysingthe correspondence, personal writings and testimonies of interned women, I will illuminate the often-overlookednarratives of Jewish and Gypsy women, and seek to answer the following questions: In what ways did Jewish and Gypsywomen's gender underlie their experience of internment? How did notions of French identity, nationality and "otherness"impact their experiences? How do discrepancies in the sources available to study them shape our understanding of thehistory of these women?