Green Hydrogen; steel manufacturing; hydrogen economy; CO2 emissions; DRI; steel scrap; impurity

氢是一种对最终用户来说环境更清洁的能源，在最终使用时不会释放污染物，如颗粒物或二氧化碳。可再生能源的显著发展使得能够通过水电解（而不是重整天然气）生产纯氢而不影响环境，尽管需要做大量的工作（例如成本、储存、分配基础设施）来克服H2成为主要经济因素的挑战。利用可再生能源（电）制氢生产直接还原铁（DRI）将是一种超低甚至零CO2排放的替代炼铁技术。该博士研究将从钢铁行业氢气应用的最新技术的关键文献综述开始，并专注于一些具有挑战性和未解决的领域，例如直接还原铁工艺的产品质量和氢气利用效率，并辅以热力学和动力学模拟。该研究将研究铁矿石中杂质在氢气还原过程中的行为（例如其自身行为及其对氧化铁还原的影响）以及炼钢过程中直接还原铁中杂质（元素和化合物）的行为。

Hydrogen is an environmentally cleaner resource of energy to end users without the release of pollutants, such as particulate matter or carbon dioxide at the point of end use. Significant development of renewable energy enables the production of pure hydrogen by water electrolysis (instead of reforming natural gas) without environmental impact, although substantial work (e.g. cost, storage, distribution infrastructure) needs to be done to overcome the challenges for H2 to be a major economy factor. The production of direct reduced iron (DRI) by using renewable energy (electricity)-generated hydrogen will be an ultra-low or even zero CO2 emissions alternative ironmaking technology. This PhD research will start from the critical literature review of the state-of-the-art with regards to hydrogen application in the steel industry, and focus on some of the challenging and unsolved areas such as product qualities from DRI processes and the hydrogen utilisation efficiency, aided by thermodynamic and kinetic simulations. The research will study the behaviour of impurities in iron ores during H2 reduction (e.g. its own behaviour and its effect on iron oxide reduction) and the behaviour of impurities (elements and compounds) in DRI during steelmaking.