Abstarct: Detecting seasonal shifts in phytoplankton taxa and primary production in the Southern Ocean

南大洋是唯一没有大陆限制的海洋，在南极洲周围以不间断的水流运动。这种与主要陆地的距离导致风沙养分输入的减少，包括铁，一种对浮游植物新陈代谢功能至关重要的痕量金属[1，2，3]。因此，这个南大洋的大部分被认为是铁有限的，并以高营养、低叶绿素(HNLC)水域为特征。浮游植物的生长有一个季节性的周期。一般来说，南半球冬季以强风混合事件为主(光限制)，而夏季则是高度分层的表层(营养有限)。这两种生长条件都与小的真核纳米鞭毛虫的优势有关。在南大洋的年度周期中，最具生产力的时间是春季，在那里可以观察到硅藻的浮游植物大量繁殖。在这些水华之后，颗粒有机碳(POC)的出口显著增加，增加了南大洋从大气中去除碳的能力，将其输送到深处[4]。

The Southern Ocean is the only ocean without continental constraints, moving in an uninterrupted flow around Antarctica [1]. This distance from major land masses results in a reduction in the aeolian nutrient input, including iron, a trace metal essential for the metabolic function of phytoplankton [1, 2, 3]. Therefore, most of this Southern Ocean is seen to be iron limited, and characterised by High Nutrient, Low Chlorophyll (HNLC) waters. There is a seasonal cycle in surface phytoplankton growth. Generally, the austral winter is dominated with strong wind mixing events (light limiting), while the summer sees a strongly stratified surface layer (nutrient limited). Both these growth conditions are associated with a dominance of small eukaryotic nanoflagellates. The most productive time in the Southern Ocean's annual cycle, is the spring, where a phytoplankton bloom of diatoms is observed. These blooms are followed by a significant increase in the export of particulate organic carbon (POC), increasing the Southern Ocean's ability to remove carbon from the atmosphere, transporting it to depth [4].