The multiple identities of Mary II: queenship, culture and politics in the late 17th century

玛丽二世可以说是英国举世闻名的女王群体中最不为人所知的一个，然而她的情况既有趣又独特，值得更多的学术研究和公众意识。本项目旨在通过对与玛丽二世生活相关的重要历史遗址的研究，包括肯辛顿和汉普顿宫（历史皇家宫殿）以及女王宫（皇家博物馆格林威治），探索玛丽二世多变和冲突的身份。对玛丽视觉形象的研究将包括她在绘画肖像方面的广泛遗产，反映她的生活轨迹，从未被一起评估或彻底评估（国家肖像画廊）。因此，对玛丽二世的研究将在REACH联盟的主题“身份、意识形态和遗产叙事”下汇集三个遗产组织。玛丽的独特性部分源于她是英国唯一的联合君主制的一部分，但这也意味着她永远与丈夫联系在一起，作为“威廉和玛丽”，她自己的身份被纳入了她的伙伴关系，作为两人的“代言人”，是唯一一个从事重大（政治）活动的人。玛丽通过有效地篡夺父亲的王冠而登上王位的独特道路也值得更深入的研究--虽然叙事往往集中在光荣革命的政治方面，但需要进一步审视这一转变对个人、家庭和王朝的影响。这又一次与身份认同和意识形态问题紧密相关，因为玛丽塑造了她的形象，并被呈现为一个新教女英雄，作为新娘被派往北欧支持新教联盟，然后回到家乡，拯救英国脱离她父亲的统治，以及他与摩德纳的玛丽建立的初出茅庐的天主教王朝。这也将是至关重要的调查玛丽的王朝和民族身份，以了解她如何代表自己作为一个外国的配偶在她的时间在低地国家，并作为本地出生的女王统治她返回英国，以避免被疏远为外国或“其他”在任何一个时期。虽然她在国外的时间暴露了她的文化欧洲大陆的影响，这可以看出在她的建筑项目在肯辛顿，汉普顿法院和格林威治，并在她的收藏，这是重要的是，她建立了她的身份，将被视为一个彻底的斯图亚特和英国统治女王。这个项目将探讨建设玛丽的身份，从她的童年开始，看看她的早期教育和对她作为潜在继承人的期望。她的早年也将探讨如何形成她的宗教意识形态，以及如何影响个人关系，塑造她的身份在长期的考虑。通过与Het Loo和荷兰皇家收藏馆的研究人员合作，该项目将研究她在低地国家期间作为外国配偶身份的形成，并评估大陆影响对她后来在英国的文化项目的影响。在她统治期间，她的身份的（重建）和投射将使用广泛的材料进行调查，从该时期充满活力的印刷文化的输出，到经济来源，如她的私人钱包账户，评估她的收藏，她的服装和肖像，以及考虑她在肯辛顿和汉普顿法院的广泛的建筑和花园项目，以及她在塑造格林威治的皇家宫殿遗址和花园中所扮演的角色。通过汇集这样一个不同的来源收集，该项目将能够创造一个更清晰的图片玛丽的生活和统治，她的贡献，新风格的君主制后期的十七世纪比迄今为止取得的。

Mary II is arguably the least well-known of Britain's world-famous group of regnant queens-yet her situation is both interesting and unique, deserving of both greater academic research and public awareness. This project aims to explore Mary II's mutable and conflicted identity using documentary, visual and cultural evidence from her life, and through the study of key heritage sites connected with her, including Kensington and Hampton Court Palace (Historic Royal Palaces) and the Queen's House (Royal Museums Greenwich). The study of Mary's visual identity will include her extensive legacy in terms of painted portraits, reflecting her life's trajectory, which has never been assessed together or thoroughly evaluated (National Portrait Gallery). This study of Mary II will therefore bring together three heritage organisations under the REACH Consortium theme of 'Identities, Ideologies and Heritage Narratives'.Part of Mary's uniqueness stems from being part of Britain's only joint monarchy-yet that has also meant that being forever linked to her husband, as 'William and Mary', her own identity has been subsumed in her partnership and it has been assumed that her husband, as the 'front man' of the pair, was the only one who was engaged in significant (political) activity. Mary's unique path to the throne, by effectively usurping her father's crown, is also worthy of greater investigation-while narratives tend to focus on the political aspects of the Glorious Revolution, further scrutiny of the personal, familial and dynastic impact of this transition is needed. This again is deeply connected to issues of identity and ideology in terms of the way that Mary constructed her image, and was presented, as a Protestant heroine, despatched as bride to bolster the northern European Protestant alliance, before returning home to save Britain from the rule of her father and the fledgling Catholic dynasty he was creating with Mary of Modena. It will also be vital to investigate Mary's dynastic and national identities in order to understand how she represented herself as a foreign consort during her time in the Low Countries, and as native born queen regnant on her return to Britain, in order to avoid being alienated as foreign or 'other' during either period. While her time abroad exposed her to cultural Continental influences which can be seen in her architectural projects at Kensington, Hampton Court and Greenwich, and in her collections, it was important that she constructed her identity which would be perceived as that of a thoroughly Stuart and British regnant queen.This project will examine the construction of Mary's identity from her childhood onwards, looking at her early education and the expectation on her as a potential heiress. Her early years will also be explored with consideration of how her religious ideology was formed and how the impact of personal relationships, shaped her identity in the long term. By working with researchers at Het Loo, and the Royal Collection in The Netherlands the project will examine the formation of her identity as a foreign consort during her years in the Low Countries and assess the impact of Continental influences on her later cultural projects in Britain. The (re)construction and projection of her identity during her reign will be investigated using a wide range of material, from the output of the dynamic print culture of the period, to economic sources such as her privy purse accounts, to assessing her collections, her dress, and portraiture, as well as a consideration of her extensive architectural and garden projects at Kensington and Hampton Court, and the role she played in the shaping the royal palace site and gardens at Greenwich. By bringing together such a varied collection of sources, the project will be able to create a far clearer picture of Mary's life and reign, and her contribution to the new style monarchy of the late seventeenth century than has hitherto been achieved.