Transient Visuals: Hand-Held Ephemera in Nineteenth-Century Peru

这项研究项目将在19世纪秘鲁的背景下分析一系列短暂的手持媒体及其视觉、文化和历史意义。重点在于确定这些媒体在挑战围绕宗教、政治、性和身份形成的主要规范方面所发挥的作用，作为讽刺评论或颠覆性社会批评。这些便携物品不属于传统上被定义为视觉艺术的东西，包括但不限于点播、促销卡片、扑克牌，以及单独销售的单张卡通和插图，这些卡通和插图是在利马使用不同的印刷和摄影复制技术制作的。

This research project will analyse a range of ephemeral hand-held media and their visual, cultural and historical significance in the context of nineteenth-century Peru. A focus lies on identifying the role that these media played in challenging predominant norms around religion, politics, sexuality and identity formation, as satirical commentary or subversive societal critique. Falling outside of what has traditionally been defined as visual arts, these portable objects include, but are not limited to, cartes-de-visite, promotional cards, playing cards, and separately sold single sheets of cartoons and illustrations that were made in Lima using different printing and photographic reproduction techniques.