Provide a clear and indicative title for your proposed research: it is essential that your title is concise and contains some key words that indicate

越来越多的研究表明，宠物对儿童的社会情绪健康有好处，包括生活质量和自尊(Purewal等人，2017年)。然而，在焦虑/抑郁症状学方面，文献令人惊讶地稀少，并揭示了相互矛盾的发现。重要的是，与宠物的关系似乎比拥有宠物本身对心理健康的影响更大。大多数青少年自我报告对宠物有强烈的依恋(Hawkins等人，2017)；事实上，当在依恋理论中理解时，儿童-宠物关系中可能存在与人与人之间的依恋相似的安全依恋特征(Carr&Rockett，2017)。宠物还可以通过提供陪伴或情感互惠(Muldoon等人，2019)或通过生理机制(Beetz等人，2012)直接提供好处；间接地，宠物可能起到“社会润滑剂”的作用(Wood等人，2015)。尽管如此，宠物依恋对心理健康的影响在文献中几乎没有被探讨过。特别是，还没有公开的文献使用定性的方法来探索青少年在这一领域的经验。需要进一步的研究来了解家庭系统内的多物种依恋关系如何共同影响青少年的心理健康。因此，这一独特的项目将解决这一差距，目标是青春期早期(11-14岁)。该项目旨在用定量和定性的方法调查宠物在青少年焦虑/抑郁经历中所起的作用。以下研究问题将被解决：宠物饲养、宠物依恋和青春期早期自我报告的焦虑/抑郁症状之间有什么联系，以及解释这些联系的潜在机制？早期青少年对宠物在日常生活中扮演的角色有什么亲身经历，并患有焦虑/抑郁症状？设计将分为两个阶段，样本将包括一年级/二年级的学生。参与者将提供人口统计信息，并分别完成两份关于焦虑/抑郁症状、宠物依恋和社会支持的问卷。定量分析将调查宠物依恋与焦虑/抑郁症状之间的关系，同时控制潜在的混淆人口/社会变量。调解/调解分析将调查间接机制和潜在的调解变量。这一阶段的目的有两个：提供数据以回答研究第一个问题，并促进第二阶段参与者的选择。第二阶段将分为两部分，将以参与者的小样本进行。参与者将从那些自我报告当前宠物拥有情况、临床上有显著抑郁/焦虑症状并在第一阶段中对宠物的依恋程度高于平均水平的人中挑选出来。首先，将使用解释性现象学分析框架进行半结构化访谈，以探索生活经验。访谈将探讨：参与者与宠物的关系；日常焦虑/抑郁经历；宠物在这方面的角色/意义，包括在新冠肺炎期间和在家庭系统中；以及应对/支持。随后，访谈参与者将被邀请使用多媒体数字日记(叙事、电影和/或照片)记录在家庭环境中与宠物的日常互动，作为实施PhotoVoice的创新手段(Volpe，2018)。参与者与宠物关系的这些表征将有助于理解家庭系统中多物种依恋的模式，这些依恋在焦虑/抑郁症状中起作用。因此，第二阶段的目的是利用混合定性方法来探索研究问题二。

A growing body of research suggests that pets have beneficial effects on children's socioemotional health, including quality of life and self-esteem (Purewal et al., 2017). However, in relation to anxiety/depression symptomatology, literature is surprisingly sparse and reveals conflicting findings. Importantly, the relationship with a pet appears more influential than ownership alone for psychological health. Most adolescents self-report strong attachments to pets (Hawkins et al., 2017); indeed, when understood within attachment theory, there can be features of secure attachment in child-pet relationships that have similarities to human-human attachments (Carr & Rockett, 2017). Pets may also directly confer benefits through provision of companionship or emotional reciprocity (Muldoon et al., 2019) or via physiological mechanisms (Beetz et al., 2012); indirectly, pets might act as 'social lubricants' (Wood et al., 2015). Despite this, the impact of pet attachment on mental health has hardly been explored in the literature. In particular, there is no published literature using qualitative methodology to explore adolescents' experiences in this area. Further research is required to understand how multispecies attachment relationships within the family system together influence adolescents' mental health. This unique project will therefore address this gap, targeting early adolescence (11-14 years). The project aims to investigate the role that pets play in adolescents' experiences of anxiety/depression, using quantitative and qualitative methods. The following research questions will be addressed: What associations are there between pet ownership, pet attachment and self-reported anxiety/depression symptomatology in early adolescence, and what underlying mechanisms explain these associations? What are early adolescents' lived experiences of the role that pets play in day-to-day lives with anxiety/depression symptomatology? The design will involve two phases and the sample will consist of 1st/2nd year secondary school pupils. Participants will provide demographic information and complete two questionnaires on each of: anxiety/depression symptomatology, pet attachment and social support. Quantitative analysis will investigate relationships between pet attachment and anxiety/depression symptomatology while controlling for potentially confounding demographic/social variables. Mediation/moderation analyses will investigate indirect mechanisms and potential moderating variables. The purpose of this phase is two-fold; to provide data to answer research question one, and to facilitate selection of phase two participants. Phase two will have two parts and will be conducted with a subsample of participants. Participants will be selected from those who self-report current pet ownership, clinically significant depression/anxiety symptomatology and above-average pet attachment during phase one. First, semi-structured interviews will be conducted using a framework of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis to allow exploration of lived experiences. Interviews will explore: participants' relationships with pets; day-to-day anxiety/depression experiences and the role/meaning of pets within this, including during COVID-19 and within the family system; and coping/support. Subsequently, interview participants will be invited to document everyday interactions with their pets in the family environment using multimedia digital diaries (narratives, films and/or photos) as an innovative means of implementing photovoice (Volpe, 2018). These representations of participants' relationships with pets will facilitate understanding of patterns within multispecies attachments in the family system that have a role in anxiety/depression symptomatology. The purpose of phase two is therefore to utilise mixed qualitative methods to explore research question two