Justice-oriented Energy Transitions and the Role of Smart Technologies in Emerging and Developing Countries

建设绿色能源部门的生产能力-对智利和秘鲁的分析这项研究将有助于更好地了解拉丁美洲国家如何分阶段引进外国技术，以促进绿色能源转型，以及如何建设生产能力，从绿色价值链的机会中获利。因此，本研究旨在通过研究智利和秘鲁太阳能产业的发展，为绿色产业政策和全球价值链的文献做出贡献。绿色能源转型为各国应对气候变化提供了机会，并为经济增长、创新和增值创造了机会。我感兴趣的是评估各国如何消费绿色技术，以及它们如何创新和参与其生产过程。特别是，研究将探讨公共政策在建设生产能力方面的作用，这将使各国能够建立联系，并从外国直接投资和全球价值链中获得更大的本地利益。研究目标智利和秘鲁的经验可以帮助我们了解能源转型如何在发展中国家发生。这项研究将探讨这些国家采取的政策、方案、计划和规范，以及取得不同程度进展背后的其他因素。在分析部署工作之后，研究将侧重于外国直接投资与当地环境的相互作用。过去十年，拉丁美洲国家进行了电力拍卖。自2006年以来，智利几乎每年都举行一次拍卖，秘鲁在2009年至2015年期间举行了四次拍卖。这一机制成功地增加了NCRE在电力组合中的参与，并导致大量外国直接投资流入（Viscidi和Yepez，2020年）。将研究在这些国家开发的项目和参与的企业，以了解外国直接投资、全球价值链、当地生产环境和创新系统之间的相互作用。这项研究力求了解外国直接投资在何种条件下产生技术、知识和专门技能的转让，并建立绿色部门的当地能力。这项研究还将探讨国家创新系统的作用、它们与外国直接投资的相互作用及其对发展工业能力和国家创新的贡献。此外，还必须研究阻碍创新和价值创造取得进一步进展的障碍。这两个国家都落后于巴西和墨西哥，与更发达的经济体相比甚至更落后（米勒和Visicdi，2016）。了解创新制度的局限性及其与不同利益攸关方的互动，应有助于解释技术和专门知识转让不足的原因。

Building productive capabilities in green energy sectors - An analysis of Chile and Peru The research will contribute to a better understanding of how Latin American countries can phase in foreign technologies to foster green energy transitions as well as how they can build productive capabilities to profit from opportunities of green value chains. Thus, the research aims to contribute to the literature of green industrial policy and global value chains (GVCs) by studying the development of the solar energy industry in Chile and Peru. Green energy transitions provide an opportunity for countries to address climate change as well as generate opportunities for economic growth, innovation and value-addition. I am interested in assessing how countries consume green technologies and how they can also innovate and participate in the process of their production. In particular, the research will look at the role of public policies in building productive capabilities, which will allow countries to generate linkages and reap greater benefits locally from Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and GVCs. Research objectives The experiences of Chile and Peru can help us to understand how energy transitions occur in developing contexts. The study will explore the policies, programmes, plans and norms adopted by these countries, as well as other factors behind the different levels of progress made. After analysing deployment efforts, the research will focus on the interaction of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and the local environment. The last decade has witnessed electricity auctions in Latin American countries. Chile has led auctions on a near-annual basis since 2006 and Peru has held four auctions between 2009 and 2015. This mechanism has successfully increased the participation of NCREs in the electricity mix and led to large inflows of FDI (Viscidi & Yepez, 2020). The projects developed in these countries and the enterprises engaged will be studied to see the interaction between FDI, GVCs, local productive environment and innovation systems. The research seeks to understand under what conditions FDI generates a transfer of technology, knowledge and know-how, and builds local capabilities in green sectors. This research will also look at the role of national innovation systems, their interaction with FDI and its contribution to the development of industrial capabilities and national innovation. Furthermore, it is important to study the obstacles impeding further advances in innovation and value creation. Both countries lag behind Brazil and Mexico and even more compared to more advanced economies (Miller & Visicdi, 2016). Understanding the limitations of the innovation system and its interaction with different stakeholders should help explain why the transfer of technology and know-how is insufficient.