How do birds stand up? A comparative biomechanical analysis

动物不仅需要行走和奔跑，还需要俯卧休息，然后站起来，这涉及肢体关节接近最大的位移。这种重要的行为在人类之外很少被研究，但它可能是肢体设计的生物力学约束，因为它需要大的长度变化和肌肉的力量产生，沿着可能的高骨应力。该项目将通过计算机模拟和组织材料测试来增加现有的5种鸟类从小到大的实验数据，以测试较大的鸟类是否会对站立能力产生更大的限制。

Animals not only need to walk and run but also lie prone to rest, and then stand up,involving near-maximal excursions of limb joints. This vital behaviour is little-studiedoutside of humans, but is a likely biomechanical constraint on limb design because itshould require large length changes and force production from muscles, along withpossibly high bone stresses. This project would augment existing experimental data,for 5 bird species from small to large size, with computer simulations and tissuematerial testing in order to test if larger birds experience greater constraints on theability to stand up.