Strained Solidarities: Black Power and the British Left, 1960-80

本研究考察了20世纪60年代至70年代英国的黑人权力运动，以及它如何与更广泛的激进左翼互动，重点关注中部地区。这项研究调查了英国黑人权力的两个未被探索的方面，在那里它与“传统”社会主义政治相冲突：它在战后工业战斗性复苏中的作用，以及在反对国民阵线的反法西斯运动中的作用。该博士通过绘制黑人激进分子对国家镇压，工作场所剥削和右翼极端主义的种族化问题的反应，驱逐了英国议会外左翼的流行账户的“方法论白度”（Bhambra，2017）。对黑人权力团体与老牌“白色”左派之间的紧张关系的质疑将突显新殖民主义世界中解放的对立愿景，使Virdee（2014）的有影响力的论文复杂化，该论文认为20世纪70年代见证了基于阶级和反种族主义斗争的新颖融合。虽然英国黑人权力通常被认为主要是美国进口，本研究探讨了这场运动是如何被帝国主义大都市内部发展起来的独特的反殖民主义模式所塑造的。博士突出了战后英国的黑人激进分子如何挑战左翼主流的欧洲中心主义，通过复兴早期大都市反帝国主义者如克劳迪娅·琼斯和沙普尔吉·萨克拉特瓦拉的“下层世界主义”（费瑟斯通，2012年）。特别是在中部地区，黑人权力组织包含许多南亚活动家，该研究的区域重点将有助于理解“政治黑人”作为移民激进分子之间的一个广泛的联盟身份。与政治黑人（Modood，1994年）的扁平文本阅读相反，该博士恢复了政治黑人的动态历史，作为一个反叛的反种族化从下面。该博士包括对米德兰的团体，包括黑人自由运动和伯明翰黑人姐妹篇的新研究。所使用的书面资料来源将包括黑人激进期刊、工会档案和极左团体制作的蜉蝣。这些材料在当地档案馆，包括Sivanandan收藏，现代记录中心，沃尔夫森档案研究中心和吉百利研究图书馆。设在伦敦的种族关系研究所和黑人文化档案馆保存的文件将有助于进行区域比较。由于参与英国黑人权力运动的许多活动家仍然活着，因此将通过口头访谈补充原始书面文件的使用。这项研究具有明显的学术意义，特别是在跨国黑人生活运动的背景下。博士对白人主导的社会运动中的黑人政治策略的调查尤其对种族关系研究所和Runnymede Trust等以种族公正为导向的智库以及解决工会内种族主义的政策辩论感兴趣（Ashe，2019）。

This study examines the Black Power movement in Britain during the 1960s-70s and how it interacted with the wider radical left, with a regional focus on the Midlands area. The study investigates two unexplored aspects of British Black Power, where it intersected with 'traditional' socialist politics: its role in the post-war resurgence of industrial militancy, and in the anti-fascist movement against the National Front. The PhD dislodges the 'methodological whiteness' (Bhambra, 2017) of prevailing accounts of the extra-parliamentary left in Britain, by charting the responses of Black radicals to racialised issues of state repression, workplace exploitation and right-wing extremism. Interrogating the tensions between Black Power groups and the established 'white' left will highlight antagonistic visions of liberation in a neocolonial world, complicating Virdee (2014)'s influential thesis that the 1970s witnessed a novel convergence of class-based and anti-racist struggles.While British Black Power is often assumed to be a primarily American import, the study examines how the movement was shaped by distinctive patterns of anti-colonialism developed within the imperial metropole. The PhD foregrounds how Black radicals in post-war Britain challenged the Eurocentrism of the left-wing mainstream, by reviving the 'subaltern cosmopolitanism' (Featherstone, 2012) of earlier metropolitan anti-imperialists like Claudia Jones and Shapurji Saklatvala. In the Midlands area particularly, Black Power organisations contained many South Asian activists, and the regional focus of the study will contribute to an understanding of 'political Blackness' as an expansive coalitional identity among immigrant radicals. In contrast to flattened textual readings of political Blackness (Modood, 1994), the PhD recovers the dynamic history of political Blackness as an insurgent counter-racialisation from below.The PhD encompasses new research into Midlands-based groups including the Black People's Freedom Movement and the Birmingham Black Sisters. The written sources used will include Black radical periodicals, trade union archives and ephemera produced by far-left groups. These materials are found in local archives including the Sivanandan Collection, Modern Records Centre, Wolfson Centre for Archival Research, and Cadbury Research Library. Documents held in the London-based Institute of Race Relations and Black Cultural Archives will facilitate regional comparisons. As many activists involved in the British Black Power movement are still alive, use of primary written documents will be supplemented by oral interviews.The study has clear significance beyond academia, particularly in light of the transnational Movement for Black Lives. The PhD's investigation of Black political strategies within white-dominated social movements is notably of interest to racial justice-oriented think tanks such as the Institute of Race Relations and Runnymede Trust, as well as policy debates addressing racism within trade unions (Ashe, 2019).