Black Disabled Women's Lived Experiences in Britain

黑人女性从我们掌握的社会不平等中消失是一个长期存在的问题。正如《后来的钟钩》(1984：92)所主张的那样，种族主义、性别歧视和阶级主义的社会结构使黑人妇女无法接触到“现有的权势阶层”，他们关于自己的叙述在我们对社会的理解中占主导地位。在残疾研究中，这些动态也在发挥作用。由于“残障”和“残障”的主要结构是无种族、无阶级和无性别的，这使得人们看不见一系列的经历--特别是黑人女性的经历(Meekosha，2011；Bell，2006；Bailey and Mobley，2019；Garland-Thompson，2002)。这是尽管黑人妇女面临“英格兰和威尔士一些最高的残疾比率”的事实(Carers UK，2011)。关于这些未被探索的残疾描述，该项目旨在考虑黑人残疾妇女如何看待自己、社会世界，以及她们为争取正义所做的努力。通过回答最重要的研究问题--“黑人残疾女性如何谈判残疾的霸权定义？”，它将试图确定谁的故事集中在关于残疾的对话中，以及谁的利益受到损害。反过来，它将试图研究白人和男性的主导地位如何排除了黑人残疾女性在日常生活中非人化和抵制这一点的经历。当注意到治疗被认为不正常的人类的想法在历史上涉及种族、分类、性别和残疾话语之间的重叠时，这些反思的重要性才会增加(Clare，2014；Sandahl，2003；Dubach，2010；BöEtsch and Blanchard，2014)。因此，这项研究将呼吁关注这些共存的权力关系及其对黑人残疾妇女现实的影响。为此，定性的半结构化访谈将能够恢复黑人残疾妇女的交叉真相。虽然这种研究方法需要研究人员编制一个可能的问题清单来询问每个参与者，但它也允许研究人员偏离计划，通过后续询问获得更多信息。鉴于这些对话往往是由参与者之前的回应决定的，这在双方之间建立的权力平衡意味着黑人残疾女性将引导这些关于她们自己的对话。因此，这种方法的对话基调将保持此类故事的真实性。与此同时，这与黑人女权主义对黑人女性的欣赏不谋而合，黑人女性是我们自己现实的知情者(Hill Collins，2000)。也就是说，通过这种方法，那些导致我们对知识的历史抹杀的做法将受到挑战，确保黑人残疾妇女的声音在这项研究中得到放大和集中。通过这样做，这个项目及其发现将增加正在进行的关于英国种族、分类、性别和残疾经历的讨论。

Black women's erasure from our grasp of social inequalities is a long-standing problem. As the late bell hooks (1984:92) argued, racist, sexist and classist social structures deny Black women access to "the existing ranks of the powerful", whose narratives about themselves prevail throughout our understandings of society. Within disability studies, these dynamics are also at play. Since the dominant constructions of 'disability' and 'disabled' are raceless, classless and genderless, this renders invisible a range of experiences- particularly those of Black women (Meekosha, 2011; Bell, 2006; Bailey and Mobley, 2019; Garland-Thompson, 2002). This is despite the fact that Black women face "some of the highest rates of disability in England and Wales" (Carers UK, 2011). With respect to these unexplored accounts of disability, this project aims to consider how Black disabled women view themselves, the social world, and their efforts to mobilise for justice. By addressing the overarching research question of 'How do Black disabled women negotiate hegemonic definitions of disability?', it will attempt to identify whose stories are centred within conversations about disability and at whose expense. In turn, it will seek to examine how white and male dominance excludes Black disabled women's experiences of both dehumanisation and resistance against this in our daily lives. The importance of these reflections only increases when noting how ideas about curing supposedly abnormal humans have historically involved overlaps between raced, classed, gendered, and disabled discourses (Clare, 2014; Sandahl, 2003; Dubach, 2010; Böetsch and Blanchard, 2014). As such, this study will call for homing in on these co-existing power relations and their effects on Black disabled women's realities. To this end, qualitative semi-structured interviews will enable the recovery of Black disabled women's intersectional truths. While this research method requires the researcher to compile a list of possible questions to ask each participant, it also allows the researcher to stray away from the plan, making more information available through follow-up queries. Given that these tend to be shaped by a participant's previous responses, the power balance this establishes between both parties means Black disabled women will guide these dialogues about themselves. As a result, the method's conversational tone will preserve the authenticity of such stories. At the same time, it coincides with the Black feminist appreciation for Black women as knowers of our own realities (Hill Collins, 2000). That is to say, the practices that have led to our historical erasure from knowledge will be challenged through this approach, ensuring that the voices of Black disabled women are amplified and centred within this research. In doing so, this project and its findings will add to ongoing discussions about raced, classed, gendered, and disabled experiences in Britain.