Brainstem-Diencephalic Modulation of the Hippocampus

描述（由申请人提供）：我们之前已经证明，口桥核（RPO）和中缝正中核分别直接参与海马脑电图的同步（θ节律）和去同步，并且在控制θ节律中，乳头上核是RPO和隔/海马之间的关键中继。在最近的工作中，我们已经证明了“Papez回路”的几个结构中的细胞有节奏地与theta一起放电，包括乳腺体、Gudden的腹侧被盖核和丘脑的前腹侧核。这表明一个有节奏的信号可能在Papez的神经回路中产生共鸣，可能与神经回路的记忆功能有关。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): We have previously demonstrated that the nucleus pontis oralis (RPO) and the median raphe nucleus are directly involved in the synchronization (theta rhythm) and desynchronization of the hippocampal EEG, respectively, and that the suprammillary nucleus serves as a critical relay between RPO and the septum/hippocampus in the control of the theta rhythm. In recent work, we have shown that cells in several structures of "Papez's circuit" fire rhythmically with theta including the mammillary bodies, the ventral tegmental nucleus of Gudden and the anterior ventral nucleus of the thalamus. This suggests that a theta rhythmic signal may resonate throughout Papez's circuit, possibly involved in mnemonic functions of the circuit. The proposed studies will involve three main areas: ascending theta synchronizing systems, ascending hippocampal desynchronizing systems and theta output systems from the hippocampus. Theta synchronizing structures include the supramammillary nucleus and nucleus reuniens of the thalamus; desynchronizing structures include the median raphe nucleus, and theta output structures include the anterior ventral nucleus of thalamus, the presubiculum and the retrosplenial cortex. We will: (1) describe the neurochemical identity of cells together with their physiological profiles using juxtacellular labeling techniques; (2) examine the activity of cells in anesthetized and freely moving rats with respect to the hippocampal EEG; (3) examine the anatomical projections of cells including transmitter specific projections at the light and electron microscopic level; and (4) examine overall patterns of glucose utilization throughout the brain following continuous theta using the 2-DG technique. With this series of studies, we intend to fully characterize systems involved in the generation of theta and those that block its expression in the hippocampus (hippocampal EEG desynchronization) as well as define theta-mediated actions of the hippocampus on extra-hippocampal structures, primarily those of the limbic system and Papez's circuit. An accumulating body of evidence, including several recent reports showing task related theta activity in humans, indicates that the theta rhythm serves a critical role in memory. If, as indicated, theta proves to be critical for memory, we believe it is vitally important to fully understand the neural mechanisms responsible for the generation of theta as well as its actions on other regions of the brain. This work may have important implications for disorders of memory including Korsakoff's syndrome, diencephalic amnesia and Alzheimer's disease.