Tracing the heat signature of Atlantic Water through the GIN seas and its impact on Arctic ice and climate

洪水、热浪、异常寒冷的严冬等极端天气在北方半球越来越普遍。例如，泰晤士河的堤坝，旨在防止伦敦洪泛区的洪水从涨潮和风暴潮的组合自1982年以来已经提高了199次，远远超过了最初预计的每年1-2次。极端天气的发生与中纬度大气急流的不稳定以及北极巴伦支海和喀拉海海冰密集度低有关。观测和海洋环流模式也表明，从北大西洋到巴伦支海的海洋热输送是控制该地区海冰扩展的因素。因此，融化巴伦支海和卡拉海冰的暖流在向北的旅程中失去了热量，并且也将热量损失给了上面的大气层，这在大气急流和极端天气的不稳定中发挥了作用。该项目将力求量化北大西洋洋流向北流经格陵兰、伊尔明格和挪威海时的热量损失，确定海洋大气热交换热点，并评估其对巴伦支海和卡拉海冰以及大气急流的影响。该分析将使用现有的水文和再分析数据集，以及从数值耦合的海洋-冰模型和气候模型experiments.The拟议的研究补充了多学科Arctiocean ECT项目的目的，吸引了来自埃克塞特，阅读，牛津，南安普顿，班戈尔，国家海洋学中心和英国气象局的大气，气象，气候和海洋学专家。该学生将受益于与更广泛的Arcti ECT网络的接触，同时与班戈尔Arcti ECT科学家及其共同主管James Screen（埃克塞特）和Camille Lique（法国海洋开发研究所）密切合作。

Extreme weather such as floods, heat waves, unusually cold harsh winters are increasingly prevalent across the Northern Hemisphere. For instance, the Thames barrier, designed to prevent flooding of the London floodplain from a combination of high tides and storm surges has been raised 199 times since 1982, well in excess of the originally anticipated 1-2 times yearly. The occurrence of extreme weather has been linked to instabilities in the mid-latitude atmospheric jet stream and low sea-ice concentrations in the Arctic Barents and Kara Seas. Observations and ocean circulation models also show that the oceanic heat transport from thenorthernNorthAtlanticOceanintotheBarentsSeaisacontrollingfactorontheseaiceexten there. It is likely then, that the warm currents that melt Barents and Kara sea ice lose heat on their journey north, and also lose heat to the atmosphere above have a role to play in the destabilization of the atmosphere jet stream and extreme weather. This project will seek to quantify the heat loss from the North Atlantic Current as it wends its way north through the Greenland, Irminger and Norwegian Sea, identify ocean atmosphere heat exchange hotspots and evaluate their impact on both Barents and Kara sea ice and the atmospheric jet stream. The analysis will be conducted using existing hydrological and reanalysis datasets, as well as output from numerical coupled ocean-ice models, and climate model experiments.The proposed research complements the aims of the multidisciplinary ArctiCONNECT project that draws together atmospheric, meteorologic, climate and oceanographic experts from Exeter, Reading, Oxford, Southampton, Bangor, the National Oceanography Centre and the UK Met Office. The student will benefit from engaging with the wider ArctiCONNECT network while collaborating closely with Bangor ArctiCONNECT scientists and their co-supervisors, James Screen (Exeter) and Camille Lique (IFREMER, France)