Application of Recycled Concrete Material for the Immobilization of Radioactive Waste

核设施退役活动通常会产生大量的再生混凝土材料（RCM）。到目前为止，英国已经关闭了11个地点的30个磁诺克斯反应堆，4个地点的8个AGR将在5年内关闭，到2030年将关闭3个地点的6个AGR。如果RCM可以重新利用，而不是作为放射性废物处置，例如用于胶结低密度废液和/或低密度废液，它将允许抵消一些原始水泥消耗和相关的碳足迹，并有助于减少在SLCs管理的RCM库存。本项目研究使用退役活动中产生的再生混凝土材料（RCM）进行核废料封装的可行性，以尽量减少在胶结中使用高炉渣（BFS）和粉末燃料灰（PFA）。RCM的使用是有意义的，特别是在当前和未来补充胶凝材料（如BFS和PFA）供应受限的情况下，因为它们在未来的可用性会减少。一旦建立，RCM可以为今后放射性废物的管理（胶结）提供一种替代和安全的材料来源，而外部工业情况对原材料供应的限制最小。

Decommissioning activities of nuclear facilities usually result in a large quantity of Recycled Concrete Material (RCM). To date, 30 Magnox reactors on 11 sites have been closed down in the UK, 8 AGR on 4 sites are due to be closed down within 5 years, and remaining 6 AGR on 3 sites by 2030. If RCM could be repurposed rather than disposed as radioactive waste, for example for cementation of ILW and/or LLW, it would allow for offsetting some of the virgin cement consumption and the associated carbon footprint, as well as contributing to the reduction the RCM stockpiles to manage at SLCs. This project investigates the feasibility of using Recycled Concrete Material (RCM) generated in the decommissioning activities for nuclear waste encapsulation in order to minimise the use of Blast Furnace Slag (BFS) and Pulverised Fuel Ash (PFA) in cementation. The utilisation of RCM is meaningful particularly under the constraints on current and future supply of the supplemental cementitious materials such as BFS and PFA, due to their reducing availability in the future. Once established, RCM could offer an alternative and secure source of materials for the future management (cementation) of radioactive waste with minimal constraints on the supply of raw materials caused by the external industrial situation.