Can the 'geometry of crime' develop understandings of children's youth justice journey making?

许多进入青年司法系统（YJS）的儿童已经经历了严重的社会经济劣势和多种复杂的（未满足的）需求/问题，这些需求/问题源于贫困、忽视、虐待、歧视和受害（案例2021）。这些缺点由于与青少年青少年的接触而变得更加复杂，因为他们可能会对接触（例如物质上的、经济上的）和参与系统支持机制造成障碍（Brooks-Wilson 2019），而迟到和缺席强制性会议可能会受到惩罚（YJB 2019a）。然而，青年旅舍中儿童的多重复杂需求（例如精神健康问题）可能使额外的旅程、访问和服务获取变得更加必要，从而进一步加剧了获取和参与问题。此外，进入YJS的MCNS儿童从他们旅行的规律性/必要性中获得的当地知识程度可能有所不同，例如，如果他们受到照顾并需要多次护理安排-与生活在贫困中的儿童（可能访问较少目的地/交通不便-产生有限的当地知识）相比，鼓励全面的当地知识。虽然青少年中学中患有mcn的社会弱势儿童普遍存在，但他们的个人和社会环境对当地导航和服务获取的影响尚未得到充分研究。“犯罪几何”：加强对青少年司法旅程的理解，当代青少年司法实践高度分散，多机构、单地点团队（YOTS）向家长组织派遣借调人员，对儿童访问多个实践场所产生强制性要求（YJB 2019b）。此外，密集的社区监禁要求每周长达25小时的联系时间和出席多个地点。因此，在青少年正义之旅中，儿童可以有多个目的地（例如前往社区赔偿的团体小巴集合点），通常需要习惯性的“心理地图”和复杂的当地知识（Brooks-Wilson 2020a, b），在评估、判断儿童的导航能力和访问支持提供（YJB 2019a）时，谨慎地承认并经常（错误地）假设。“犯罪几何”（GOC）提供了一个理论框架，揭示了关于儿童在日常生活中更广泛的习惯导航中导航他们的旅程和获得青年司法支持的新知识（Reid et al . 2014）。GOC建议：熟悉旅程、目的地、当地地区、地标边界（如无法通行的铁路线）和十字路口（如路口、公交车站），为成功的位置设置导航生成“心理地图”（Andresen 2020）；改变生活的事件（例如冒犯）催化了新的、不熟悉的旅程，这些旅程可能是复杂的、有压力的，需要更多的技能来驾驭（Schmitt et al . 2015），因此，当服务的获取、目标和参与被一起考虑时，才能实现最佳的服务交付。研究问题：1；GOC如何提高对儿童如何度过青年司法旅程的理解？2. 如何通过对儿童如何驾驭青年js的新认识来完善政策/实践？3. 如何使用以儿童为中心的方法来检查GOC，并为青年中学与儿童的协作工作提供信息？

Many children entering the Youth Justice System (YJS) have already experienced significant socio-economic disadvantage and multiple complex (unmet) needs/problems stemming from, for example, poverty, neglect, abuse, discrimination and victimisation (Case 2021). These disadvantages are compounded by YJS contact as they can present barriers to access (e.g. physical, economic) and engagement with systemic support mechanisms (Brooks-Wilson 2019), whilst lateness and absence from mandatory meetings can in punishment (YJB 2019a). However, the multiple complex needs (MCNS) of children in the YJS (e.g. mental health issues) can make additional journeys, visits and service access more necessary, further compounding access and engagement problems. Moreover, children with MCNS entering the YJS can differ in the extent of their local knowledge garnered from the regularity/necessity of their journeys, for example, if they are in care and requiring multiple care placements-encouraging comprehensive local knowledge, compared to those living in poverty (potentially visiting fewer destinations/having limited transport access-generating limited local knowledge). Whilst the prevalence of socially-disadvantaged children with MCNs in the YJS is well-documented, the local navigational and service access implications of their attendant personal and social circumstances are under-researched.The 'Geometry of Crime': Enhancing understandings of youth justice journeys, contemporary youth justice practice is highly dispersed with multi-agency, single-sited teams (YOTS) releasing seconded staff back to parent organisations, producing compulsory requirements for children to visit multiple practice settings (YJB 2019b). Furthermore, intensive community sentences require up to 25 hours weekly contact time and attendance at multiple sites. Consequently, children can have multiple destination points along their youth justice journey (e.g. travelling to a group minibus collection point for community reparation), often requiring a quality of habitual 'mental maps' and complicated local knowledge (Brooks-Wilson 2020a, b) Carely acknowledged and often (wrongly) assumed in assessments, judgements of children's navigational competency and access support provision (YJB 2019a).The 'Geometry of Crime' (GOC) provides a theoretical framework to unearth new knowledge regarding children's navigation of their journeys through and access to youth justice support in the broader their habitual navigation of everyday life (Reid et al 2014). The GOC suggests that:familiarity with journeys, destinations, local areas, landmarks boundaries (e.g. impassable railway lines) and intersections (e.g. road junctions, bus stations) produces 'mental maps' for successful locality-setting navigation (Andresen 2020); life changing events (e.g. offending) catalyse new, unfamiliar journeys that can be complex, stressful and require more skills to navigate (Schmitt et al 2015), so optimal service delivery is achieved when service access, targeting and engagement are considered together. Research questions: 1. How can the GOC improve understandings of how children navigate their youth justice journeys? 2. How can policy/practice be refined through new knowledge on how children navigate the YJS? 3. How can child-centric methodologies be utilised to examine the GOC and inform collaborative working with children in the YJS?