The Causal Impact of Poverty Reduction on Housing Conditions of Low-Income, U.S. Children and the Role of Housing and Neighborhood Ecosystems on Young Children's Healthy Development

1个项目摘要/摘要 负担得起的住房供应日益有限，同时联邦租房供应短缺。 3在符合条件的家庭中提供援助意味着数百万低收入、美国儿童生活在不稳定和/或贫困中- 4高质量的住房--与一系列不利儿童健康和发育有关的条件 5个结果。低贫困社区缺乏负担得起的住房，进一步助长了居住在 6拥挤的住房条件和/或居住在使儿童暴露在压力大、不安全的环境中的社区- 7个终端。尽管婴儿和蹒跚学步的儿童经历了最高的儿童贫困率，并花费了大量的 8他们有一部分时间呆在家里，几乎没有证据来评估不利的住房和邻居的影响- 9吸烟机状况具体取决于这个年龄段的健康和发育情况。此外，由于不到25%的 10个符合条件的、有年幼子女的低收入家庭获得住房援助，有必要了解 11其他扶贫项目能否帮助改善这些儿童及其家庭的住房条件。 12拟议的研究试图解决这些知识差距，并提供科学证据 13旨在改善低收入家庭早期住房和邻里环境的反贫困项目的设计 14名有收入的儿童。通过使用婴儿出生第一年(BFY)的数据-一项评估影响的随机对照试验 每月向低收入的美国母亲及其年幼子女提供15美元的无条件现金转移(NICHD 16 R01HD087384)-这项研究将提供对住房和邻里生态系统的丰富了解 17名低收入婴幼儿(0-3岁)居住在这些环境中，这些环境如何影响他们的健康发育- 18个月。目标1评估UCT对住房可负担性、构成、稳定性和质量的因果影响 19采用多元线性回归模型。目标2使用对照样本进行潜在类分析 20确定BFY参与者经历的住房和邻里生态系统的配置，然后进行评估- 21评估这些配置如何影响幼儿(0-3岁)的身体健康、医疗保健的使用，以及 22行为和社会情绪发展，以及语言习得。目标3调查的是 23住房和邻里条件对幼儿健康发展的影响 24项措施作为目标2。 本奖学金申请旨在为专业人员提供高级统计方法方面的培训 26对于开展政策和公共卫生研究以及最大限度地扩大政策相关性的机会至关重要 27她的工作，获得了更多的临床经验，并建立了作为一名学者取得成功的关键专业技能 28岁的学者。她提出的研究、培训计划和高素质的跨学科指导团队将确保 29她有能力实现自己的长期目标--成为一名独立的内科医生--致力于 30使用严格的、政策驱动的研究来改善儿童及其家庭的健康和福祉。

1 PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT 2 The increasingly limited availability of affordable housing paired with a shortage in provision of federal rental 3 assistance among eligible families means millions of low-income, U.S. children live in unstable and/or substand- 4 ard-quality housing – conditions which have been linked to a range of adverse child health and development 5 outcomes. The lack of affordable housing in low-poverty neighborhoods further contributes to families living in 6 crowded housing conditions and/or residing in neighborhoods that expose children to stressful, unsafe environ- 7 ments. Although infants and toddlers experience the highest rates of childhood poverty and spend a substantial 8 portion of their time at home, there exists little evidence assessing the impact of adverse housing and neighbor- 9 hood conditions specifically on the health and development of this age group. Moreover, as less than 25% of 10 eligible, low-income families with young children receiving housing assistance, there is need to understand 11 whether other anti-poverty programs can help improve housing conditions for these children and their families. 12 The proposed research seeks to address these knowledge gaps and provide scientific evidence to inform 13 the design of anti-poverty programs that aim to improve early housing and neighborhood environments for low- 14 income children. By using data from Baby’s First Years (BFY) – a randomized control trial evaluating the impact 15 of a monthly, unconditional cash transfer (UCT) to low-income, U.S. mothers and their young children (NICHD 16 R01HD087384) – this research will provide a rich understanding of the housing and neighborhood ecosystems 17 low-income infants and toddlers (0-3 years) inhabit and how these environments impact their healthy develop- 18 ment. Aim 1 estimates the causal impacts of the UCT on housing affordability, composition, stability, and quality 19 using a multivariate linear regression model. Aim 2 conducts latent class analysis using the control sample to 20 identify configurations of housing and neighborhood ecosystems experienced by BFY participants and then eval- 21 uates how these configurations influence young children’s (0-3 years) physical health, use of medical care, be- 22 havioral and socioemotional development, and language acquisition. Aim 3 investigates the mediating role of 23 housing and neighborhood conditions on young children’s healthy development using the same outcome 24 measures as Aim 2. 25 This fellowship application is designed to provide the PI with training in advanced statistical methods 26 critical for conducting policy and public health research, as well as opportunities to maximize the policy relevance 27 of her work, gain further clinical experience, and build professional skills critical to success as an academic 28 scholar. Her proposed research, training plan, and highly qualified, interdisciplinary mentorship team will ensure 29 she is well-positioned to achieve her long-term goal of becoming an independent physician-scientist dedicated 30 to using rigorous, policy-driven research to improve the health and well-being of children and their families.