Right tree, right place, right reason: understanding species- specific benefits and disbenefits of urban trees

目前，全球的重点是植树，以缓解气候变化和其他环境效益，例如，Defra的25年环境计划，种植100万棵城市树木。城市树木为不断增长的城市人口提供了至关重要的环境、健康和福祉好处。城市森林的独特之处在于它的异质性，包括绿地和灰色空间、花园和林地中个体树木在生态和结构上的多样化组合。然而，主要的知识差距存在于：i)绿地和灰地的树种构成，ii)不同树种对环境和健康以及福祉的贡献，以及iii)城市压力(包括政策决定)如何反过来塑造城市森林及其带来的好处/坏处。目标1：确定城市森林中绿地和灰色空间中城市森林的组成和结构。目标2：了解特定物种尺度下城市森林所带来的环境、健康和福祉。目标3：探索物种特有的情景以维持或增强城市森林。目标将结合现场测量、地理信息系统、健康人口模型和公民科学方法来解决，以了解公众与树木的互动。它将受益于作为城市树观测站(由Edmondson和Croft与谢菲尔德市议会-SCC建立)收集的数据以及在NERC IWUN项目上开发的流行病学建模方法。拟议的博士学位将为支持城市森林管理提供重要信息，并为SCC森林创建战略提供信息。监督员结合了城市生态系统服务(Edmondson-Biosciences)、数字数据和地理信息系统测绘(Brindley，Landscape)、遥感(Croft-Biosciences)和公共与城市树木互动(Pillatt-Shefffield市议会)方面的专业知识。学生将有机会获得一系列适用于各种学术和非学术职业道路的技术和方法方面的培训。通过研究城市森林的环境、健康和福祉的好处/坏处，该项目将为支持加强和维护城市森林提供重要的证据基础。

At present, there is a global focus on tree planting forclimate change mitigation and other environmentalbenefits, e.g. Defra's 25 Year Environment Plan to plant 1million urban trees. Urban trees provide criticalenvironmental, health and wellbeing benefits to the growingurban population. The urban forest is unique in itsheterogeneity, comprising ecologically and structurallydiverse combinations of individual trees in green andgreyspaces, gardens and woodlands. However, majorknowledge-gaps exist in i) tree species composition acrossgreen and greyspaces, ii) the contribution of different treesspecies to environmental and health and wellbeingbenefits/disbenefits, and iii) reciprocally how urbanpressures (including policy decisions) shape the urbanforest and its resulting benefits/disbenefits. Addressingthese knowledge-gaps is critical to ensuring a 'right tree,right place, right reason' approach to urban forestmanagement.ObjectivesObj1: Determine composition and structure of the urbanforest across green and greyspaces in a case-study city(Sheffield).Obj2: Understand environmental, health and wellbeingbenefits/disbenefits delivered across the urban forest at aspecies-specific scale.Obj3: Explore species-specific scenarios to maintain orenhance the urban forest.Objectives will be addressed using a combination of: fieldmeasurement, GIS, health population modelling and citizenscience methods to understand public interactions withtrees. It will benefit from data collected as part of the UrbanTree Observatory (established by Edmondson and Croftwith Sheffield City Council-SCC) and epidemiologicalmodelling approaches developed on the NERC IWUNproject. The proposed PhD will provide crucial informationto support urban forest management and inform the SCCWoodland Creation Strategy.The supervisors combine expertise in urban ecosystemservices (Edmondson - Biosciences), digital data and GISmapping (Brindley, Landscape), remote sensing (Croft -Biosciences), and public interaction with urban trees (Pillatt- Sheffield City Council). The student will have theopportunity to gain training in a range of techniques andapproaches applicable to a wide range of academic andnon-academic career paths. By studying the environmental,health and wellbeing benefits/disbenefits of the urban forestthis project will provide an important evidence base tosupport enhancement and maintenance of the urban forest.