Virtual Sex: Real Risk Reduction for MSM

描述（由申请人提供）：随着第二波性冒险行为（即无保护肛交）在男男性接触者中出现（CDC, 1999a, 1999b），特别是那些年轻人（18-30岁）和有色人种，显然需要新的艾滋病预防方法——建立在过去的艾滋病预防和说服研究的基础上。新兴技术，如DVD上的交互式视频（IAV），以一种时髦的方式传播，可能会赢得或重新吸引那些已经忽视了更传统的公益广告、宣传册和干预措施的男同性恋者的注意。我们团队的新纵向实验研究（Read et al, 2002）表明，白人男性接触到包含行为改变因素（如自我效能、技能、行为意图）的IAV（与白人演员一起），其安全性行为的发生率明显高于单独接受咨询的白人男性。在目前的研究中，通过一系列访谈、试点研究和一项大型纵向实验研究，我们寻求实现以下目标：(1)将早期的工作复制并扩展到另外两个MSM人群（非洲裔美国人和拉丁裔美国人），并为目标受众开发有效的艾滋病毒预防IAV模板，根据用户的具体选择量身定制，以最大限度地提高艾滋病毒预防效果。这样的模板可以为个人和诊所，地方，国家和全球提供有效的行为干预的快速技术转移，(2)通过比较单独的IAV与无咨询控制，单独的HIV预防咨询，以及咨询加IAV来评估IAV在增加避孕套使用方面的作用，(3)评估IAV是否有效降低HIV风险，因为它的交互性（反馈和选择使用者）。我们将通过将上述2中的条件与“轭”条件进行比较来操纵交互性，在“轭”条件下，参与者被动地接收交互条件下参与者的视频流。(4)评估调解和缓和IAV对避孕套使用变化影响的心理因素。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): With a second wave of sexual risk taking (i.e., unprotected anal sex) among MSM (CDC, 1999a, 1999b), especially those who are young (18-30) and men of color, it is clear that new approaches to HIV prevention--that build on past HIV prevention and persuasion research--are needed. Emerging technologies, such as interactive video (IAV) on DVD, delivered in a hip' manner may gain or recapture the attention of MSM who have tuned out more traditional PSAs, brochures, and interventions. New longitudinal experimental research by our team (Read et al., 2002) demonstrates that white men exposed to an IAV (with white actors) that incorporated behavior change elements (e.g., self-efficacy, skills, behavioral intention) showed dramatically higher rates of safer sex behavior than white men given counseling alone. In the current research, through a series of interviews, pilot studies, and one large experimental longitudinal study, we seek to achieve the following goals: (1) Replicate and extend that earlier work to two additional populations of MSM (African Americans and Latinos) and develop a template for the development of effective HIV prevention IAV for targeted audiences, tailored to the specific choices of the user to maximize HIV prevention efforts. Such a template could afford rapid technology transfer of effective behavioral interventions to individuals and clinics, locally, nationally, and globally, (2) assess the role of IAV in increasing condom use by comparing IAV alone to a no counseling control, to HIV prevention counseling alone, and to counseling plus IAV, (3) assess whether IAV is effective in reducing HIV risk because of its interactivity (feedback to and choice for the user). We will manipulate interactivity by comparing the conditions in 2 above to a "yoked" condition in which participants passively receive the video stream of a participant in the interactive condition. (4) Assess the psychological factors that mediate and moderate the impact of the IAV on changes in condom use over time.