High Resolution In-Utero Mapping of Fetal Brain Development from Combined MRI

描述（由申请人提供）：了解胎儿和新生儿大脑发育的正常和异常模式是早期发现发育障碍的关键因素。该项目提案旨在开发和改进新的磁共振图像重建和分析方法，以首次绘制宫内胎儿大脑发育的地图。通过发育中的胎儿大脑的临床成像检测到的最常见的异常之一是脑室扩大，尽管没有其他临床或成像结果，但在高达50%的病例中，脑室扩大与婴儿期和儿童期的神经发育障碍有关。虽然超声波可以诊断这种情况，但它无法区分那些神经功能不良的胎儿和那些正常的胎儿。快速磁共振成像的最新发展已经允许使用MRI来研究胎儿解剖结构，并且该技术现在在世界各地的少数站点（包括UCSF）常规使用。然而，胎儿大脑的MR成像仍然是具有挑战性的，因为成像失真所造成的运动的胎儿在母亲和周围的产妇解剖造成的伪影。更高分辨率或3D采集是不可能的，因为在所需的采集时间期间胎儿的运动。当前的临床2D切片数据单独提供有限的分辨率和对比度，最重要的是，切片之间通常包含严重的运动损坏。该项目的动机是观察到，它是可能的应用计算机视觉和图像处理技术，以纠正低分辨率胎儿切片的多个堆栈之间的相对运动，并创建一个单一的体积图像具有高各向同性的3D分辨率和一致的几何形状。这种更高分辨率的图像提供了可以使用计算形态测量技术来分析的结构，该计算形态测量技术可以检测组织体积、位置和表面折叠的图案中的细微焦点差异。该项目将联合收割机这种强大的技术与加州大学旧金山分校广泛的胎儿和新生儿成像经验相结合，允许直接临床应用的方法来研究与脑室扩大相关的形态学畸变，并将这些与临床结果相关联。将这些计算技术应用于子宫内数据的能力将为发育中的大脑提供一个全新的视角，这有望为胎儿和早产儿的早期发育问题提供新的见解。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Understanding normal and abnormal patterns of brain development in fetuses and neonates is a key factor in early detection of developmental disorders. This project proposal seeks to develop and refine novel magnetic resonance image reconstruction and analysis methodology to allow, for the first time, the mapping of in-utero fetal brain development. One of the most common abnormalities detected by clinical imaging of the developing fetal brain is ventriculomegaly, which, despite the absence of other clinical or imaging findings, is associated with neurodevelopmental disabilities in infancy and childhood in up to 50% of cases. Although ultrasound allows diagnosis of the condition, it has not been able to distinguish those fetus that will have poor neurological outcome from those with normal outcome. Recent developments in fast magnetic resonance imaging have permitted the use of MRI to study the fetal anatomy and this technique is now being routinely used at a small number of sites around the world including UCSF. However, MR imaging of the fetal brain is still challenging because of imaging distortions caused by motion of the fetus within the mother and by artifacts caused by the surrounding maternal anatomy. Higher resolution or 3D acquisitions are not possible because of motion of the fetus during the acquisition time^ required. The current clinical 2D slice data individually provide limited resolution and contrast and, most importantly, often contain severe motion corruption between slices. This project is motivated by the observation that it is possible to apply computer vision and image processing techniques to correct relative motion between the multiple stacks of low resolution fetal slices, and create a single volumetric image with high isotropic 3D resolution and consistent geometry. Such higher resolution images provide structure that may be analyzed using computational morphometric techniques that can detect subtle focal differences in the pattern of tissue volume, location and surface folding. This project will combine such powerful techniques with extensive fetal and neonatal imaging experience at UCSF, allowing direct clinical application of the methodology to study morphologic aberrations associated with ventriculomegaly and to correlate these with clinical outcome. The ability to apply these computational techniques to in-utero data will provide an entirely new view of the developing brain, which promises to shed new light on early developmental problems both in fetuses and premature neonates.