Loss of Nkx3.1-an Initiating Event in Prostate Cancer

描述（由申请人提供）：前列腺癌是男性中最常见的非皮肤癌，也是美国癌症死亡的第二大原因。与大多数人类癌症一样，前列腺肿瘤的发生需要多个遗传病变的连续积累。肿瘤发生的多步骤性被广泛接受；然而，对于导致癌前病变的起始步骤所知甚少。肿瘤抑制基因座的单倍性不足是肿瘤发生的潜在中心机制。在前列腺中，肿瘤的发生通常与NKX3.1位点的杂合性缺失有关。在小鼠中，编码同源结构域蛋白的nkx3.1的单倍体缺失足以导致前列腺上皮增生和最终的PIN形成。在Myc过表达和Pten功能缺失的前列腺癌小鼠模型中，Nkx3.1在肿瘤发生的早期阶段表达缺失。我们的中心假设是NKXS.1在前列腺中起着“看门人”的作用，它的丢失是前列腺癌的主要起始事件。为了验证这一假设，我们计划在几种小鼠模型中研究NKX3.1在前列腺中的过表达是否可以预防前列腺癌的发展。我们还将尝试确定NKX3.1的效应物，这些效应物将提供NKX3.1与异常增殖之间的联系。在这项研究中，我们将通过一系列分析，包括表达谱分析、比较基因组分析、染色质免疫沉淀和报告基因分析，确定直接受NKX3.1调控的基因。最后，我们将确定NkxS的影响是否。前列腺上皮细胞增殖的损失是通过mTOR激活的改变介导的。我们还将尝试使用mTOR抑制剂防止Nkx3.1缺陷小鼠的增生。在这些研究中，我们将结合使用多种技术，包括计算技术、慢病毒介导的siRNA过表达和敲低、诱变以及在体外和转基因小鼠中进行的功能分析。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Prostate cancer is the most common non-skin cancer in men and the second-leading cause of death from cancer in the US. As with most human cancers, prostate tumorigenesis requires the sequential accumulation of multiple genetic lesions. The multistep nature of tumorigenesis is widely accepted; however little is known about the initiation steps that lead to pre-malignant alterations. Haploinsufficiency at tumor suppressor loci presents a potential central mechanism for tumor initiation. In the prostate, tumor initiation is often linked to loss-of-heterozygosity at the NKX3.1 locus. In mice, haploid loss ofNkx3.1, which encodes a homeodomain protein, is sufficient to cause prostate epithelial hyperplasia and eventual PIN formation. In both the Myc overexpression and Pten loss-of-function mouse models of prostate cancer, Nkx3.1 expression is lost in the early stages of tumorigenesis. Our central hypothesis is that NKXS.1 serves a 'gatekeeper' function in the prostate and that its loss is a major initiating event in prostate cancer. To test this hypothesis, we plan to investigate whether overexpression of NKX3.1 in the prostate can prevent the development of prostate cancer in several mouse models. We will also attempt to identify effectors of NKX3.1 that would provide a link between it and abnormal proliferation. For this search, we will identify genes that are directly regulated by NKX3.1 through a series of analyses including expression profiling, comparative genomic analysis chromatin immunoprecipitation and reporter gene assays. Finally, we will determine whether the effects of NkxS.1 loss on prostate epithelial cell proliferation are mediated through alterations in mTOR activation. We will also attempt to prevent hyperplasia in Nkx3.1 -deficient mice using mTOR inhibitors. For these studies, we will utilize a combination of techniques, including computational techniques, lentivirus mediated overexpression and knockdown using siRNA, mutagenesis, and functional assays conducted in vitro and using transgenic mice.