Precarious speech: Navigating precarious livelihoods and speech register management among disadvantaged youth in Great Yarmouth.

本研究结合人类学对早产的开创性见解和言语在日常生活中的作用，探索早熟是如何通过构建言语“语域曲目”来导航的。成功地驾驭早熟的条件--对未来的不确定性、目前的社会经济不安全以及投资组合生计--需要在不同的工作场所管理多种身份。然而，尽管它们在执行身份方面很重要，但人类学对早孕的研究较少关注言语交互在如何管理多重身份中的作用。具体地说，语域是与特定的文化习俗、语境或参与其中的人有关的说话的变体。它们借鉴并反映了更广泛的人和习俗的文化形象。这样，一个人使用的语音语域就成了他们身份的一种表现。此外，听众对这些语域的评估也有助于组织社会不平等。听者通过他们使用的语音语域和弱势群体通常使用的语音语域被贬低，他们获得有价值的语域的机会受到限制，从而典型地体现了他们对群体的感知到的文化差异，以及他们在社会等级中的地位。将这一理论应用于早产的情况很少见。因此，这项研究提出了一项为期12个月的人种学研究，对象是参加大雅茅斯地图青年中心的一群弱势青年及其同龄人。在那里，不确定的未来与作为海滨小镇的本地化倾向不谋而合。在提出核心问题：“语音语域如何牵涉到早孕的经历和管理？”时，有人提出，管理多重身份首先要通过建立一个有效的可识别语音语域系统来实现，而弱势青年这样做的能力对他们解决所面临的社会不平等问题的能力有影响。早产的经历不能仅仅用具象的术语来理解，需要研究人员一定程度的参与或“调谐”。因此，研究将采取一种不稳定的生活方式，直接参与观察中的多个语域，并通过对研究人员自身语域转换的自反性理解。同样，对语音语域的描述将涉及在参与者及其互动对象可识别的水平上对语言质量的定性、深入描述，以及它们在文化背景中的位置。这些方法将创造一个更深入和重点的理解，通过语音语域导航早熟，它们对演讲者和他们的听众的意义，以及它们如何告知社会不平等。

This research combines the pioneering insights into the anthropology of precarity and the role of speech in everyday life to explore how precarity is navigated through constructing speech "register repertoires". Successfully navigating conditions of precarity - of uncertainty about the future, socio-economic insecurity in the present, and portfolio livelihoods - requires the management of multiple identities in diverse workplaces. However, despite their importance in performing identities, anthropological studies of precarity focus less on the role of speech interactions in how multiple identities are managed. Speech registers, specifically, are variations of speaking associated with specific cultural practices, contexts, or the people who engage in them. They draw upon, and thus reflect, wider cultural images of people and practices. In this way, the repertoire of speech registers one uses becomes a performance of their identity. Further, the evaluation of these speech registers by listeners also contributes to organising social inequality. Listeners typify perceived cultural differences they have of groups, and their place in social hierarchies, by the speech registers they use and speech registers typically used by disadvantaged groups are devalued, and their access to acquiring valued registers constrained. Application of this theory to contexts of precarity is rare. This research thus proposes a 12-month-long ethnographic study of a group of disadvantaged youth attending the Map Youth Centre in Great Yarmouth, where the precarity of uncertain futures coincides with the localised precarity of being a seaside town, and their peers. Asking the central question: "how are speech registers implicated in the experience and management of precarity?", it is suggested that managing multiple identities is achieved foremost by constructing an effective repertoire of recognisable speech registers, and that the ability of disadvantaged youth to do so has implications for their capacity to negotiate the social inequalities they face. Experiences of precarity cannot be understood in merely representational terms and require a degree of participation or "attunement" from the researcher. Therefore, research will adopt a precarious lifestyle of its own by directly participating in the multiple registers under observation, and through a reflexive understanding of the precarity of the researcher's own register switching. Similarly, accounts of speech registers will involve qualitative, thick descriptions of linguistic qualities at a level identifiable by participants and those they interact with, as well as of how they are situated in cultural context. These methods will create a more in-depth and emic understanding of navigating precarity through speech registers, their meanings to speakers and their audiences, and how they inform social inequality.