Cryogenic hydrogen jet flames

氢气在2050年前实现净零排放方面发挥着重要作用。低温液氢(CryoLH2)的运输和储存被认为是扩大氢供应基础设施的最有效选择。意外释放的CryoLH2点火将导致喷气式火焰。基本的物理原理是复杂的，涉及低温喷射、闪光、强烈的相变、液滴、喷雾、点火和燃烧。对于火焰特征和模式随着火位置和着火时刻的变化而变化的研究还缺乏深入的认识。该项目旨在通过使用经过验证的模型进行数值模拟来获得这种洞察力，并为CryoLH2的安全性提出建议。具体目标包括：1.开发和验证基于内部代码HiSmart的用于低温液氢喷射点火和燃烧的稳健求解器；2.使用该求解器洞察和填补有关CryoLH2火焰特性的知识空白。

Hydrogen plays an important role to reach net-zero emissions by 2050. The transport and storage of cryogenic liquid hydrogen (CryoLH2) is considered the most effective option for scaling up the hydrogen supply infrastructure. Ignition of unintended release of CryoLH2 would result in jet flames. The underlying physics is complex involving cryogenic jets, flashing, intense phase change, droplets, spray, ignition, and combustion. Insight is lacking about the evolution of flame characteristics and modes with the variation of ignition location and timing. The project aims to gain such insight through numerical simulations with validated models and formulate recommendations for the safety of CryoLH2. The specific objectives include: 1. Develop and validate a robust solver based on the in-house code HiSMART for the ignition and combustion of cryogenic liquid hydrogen jets; 2. Using the solver to gain insight and fill the knowledge gaps about the flame characteristics of CryoLH2.