Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS): Analyzing activity-travel behavior and its application to on-demand multi-modal mobility solutions in cities

移动即服务（Maas）作为一种概念的出现是为了响应对综合移动解决方案的需求，它结合了不同模式的交通服务，允许人们通过结合城市中可用的交通选择来旅行。例如，通过统一的服务预订和支付平台，个人可以根据自己的出行需求，无缝地选择自行车、汽车共享和公共交通的组合来完成一次旅行。MaaS的概念为其在城市地区的实施和运营提出了几个挑战，其中最重要的是如何创建现实的MaaS计划，以满足不同潜在用户群体的异构移动需求。在MaaS系统中满足旅行者的需求需要了解个人的活动-旅行模式及其潜在的复杂决策过程。本研究将使用活动-出行分析来考虑出行需求，因为人们希望参与分布在整个城市的各种活动，并提供一个框架来捕捉和分析个人计划和实施交通选择的复杂决策过程。作为iMCD项目的一部分，本项目将使用使用旅行日记和GPS跟踪设备收集的有关活动-旅行模式的数据，以捕捉个人一天或多日旅行的特征。从这个庞大的数据集中，旅行的属性，包括目的和持续时间、出发地和目的地、旅行模式选择和路线选择，将使我们能够检查哪些因素在决定个人的交通行为方面是最重要的，开发交通用户的类型及其对不同MaaS模型的开放程度，并支持城市和交通机构根据居民的需求和偏好开发新兴的MaaS系统。

Mobility-as-a-Service (Maas) has emerged as a concept in response to the need for integrated mobility solutions, which combine transportation services across different modes allowing people to travel by combining available transport options in the city. For example, from a unified service booking and payment platform, an individual, based on their travel needs, would be able to seamlessly choose a combination of bicycling, car-sharing and public transport to complete a single trip. The concept of MaaS presents several challenges for its implementation and operation in urban areas, the most significant of which is how to create realistic MaaS plans to cater for the heterogeneous mobility needs of distinct groups of would-be users. Meeting traveler needs in a MaaS system requires an understanding of individuals' activity-travel patterns and their underlying complex decision-making processes. This study will use activity-travel analysis to consider the need to travel as derived from a person's desire to participate in various activities distributed across the city and provides a framework to capture and analyze the complex decision-making process by which an individual schedules and implements their transport choices. This project will use data about activity-travel patterns gathered using a travel-diary and GPS tracking equipment as part of the iMCD project to capture the characteristics of an individual's travel for a single day or multiple days. From this large dataset, attributes of trips including purpose and duration, origin and destination and travel mode choice, and route choice which will enable us to examine which factors are of paramount importance in determining an individuals' transport behaviour, develop a typology of transport users and their openess to different models of MaaS and support cities and transport agencies in developing their emerging MaaS systems based on the needs and preferences of their residents.