Incentivising Professionals to Facilitate Serious and Organised Crimes: Motivations, Networks and Rationalisations

哪些专业人士为严重和有组织犯罪提供便利，他们为什么要这样做？通过综合犯罪学和社会学/社会网络分析的视角，这项研究将实证地检验和建立关于如何以及为什么是“专业”行为者(律师、会计师、公证人、顾问、公司成立代理人等)的理论。被激励(广义)为英国境内的严重和有组织犯罪提供便利。这项研究将调查：1.促进者的动机(哪些因素驱动专业人员参与犯罪活动？例如，利润、胁迫、恐惧、野心)，2.促进网络(个人关系是如何随着时间的推移建立和维持的？例如面对面的、兄弟般的、在线的、匿名的、通过金融机构的交易)和他们的合理化(他们如何“中和”自己的行为？研究项目旨在探讨在英国境内促进洗钱的专业行为者(例如律师、会计、代理人)现象的性质和组织。本研究项目的主要目的是：(1)了解专业洗钱便利化的性质和组织；(2)探索专业行为者参与洗钱的动机。例如，利润、胁迫、市场压力。(3)探索专业人士用来证明他们参与的合理性的技术，例如，没有伤害，不存在受害者，法规的复杂性。(4)探索导致他们参与的过程和网络。(5)了解执法机构、刑事司法机构和专业监管机构成员如何合作解决这一现象。我们想探索这些演员的社交网络。

Which professionals facilitate serious and organised crimes, and why do they do it? Through an integrated criminological and sociological/social network analytical perspective, this research will empirically examine and build theory on how and why 'professional' actors (lawyers, accountants, notaries, consultants, company formation agents, etc.) are incentivised (broadly defined) to facilitate serious and organised crimes within the UK. The research will investigate:i. the motivations of facilitators (which factors drive professionals' involvement in criminal activities? e.g. profit, coercion, fear, ambition), ii. the networks of facilitation (how are personal relations established and maintained over time? e.g. face to face, fraternal, online, anonymously, transactions through financial institutions) and, iii. their rationalisations (how do they 'neutralise' their behaviours? e.g. common practice, no real/direct harm).The research project aims at exploring the nature and organisation of the phenomenon of professional actors (e.g., lawyers, accounts, agents) facilitating money laundering within the UK. The main objectives of this research project are:(1) Understand the nature and organisation of professional money laundering facilitation(2) Explore the motivations of professional actors to participate in money laundering. e.g., profit, coercion, market pressures.(3) Explore the rationalisations techniques professionals use to justify their involvement e.g., no harm, non-existent victims, complexity of the regulation.(4) Explore the processes and networks that lead to their involvement. How the relationship with criminals was established and maintained over time.(5) Understand how law enforcement agencies, criminal justice bodies and members of professional regulatory bodies collaborate to tackle this phenomenon. We want to explore the social networks of these actors.