Doctors of Philosophy: Frankl, Jaspers, Jung and the Modern Crisis of Meaning

从表面上看，维克多·弗兰克尔、卡尔·雅斯贝尔斯和卡尔·荣格是非常不同的思想家：他们来自不同的国家，信奉不同的信仰，有着不同的政治主张。然而，在现实中，他们之间有一种共同的纽带--他们都是训练有素的精神病医生，每个人都发展了自己的人生哲学，在20世纪讲德语的欧洲的崛起中找到了意义。我的项目是思想史上的一项努力，属于广泛的德国研究范畴。它试图回答三个关键问题：(1)为什么这种博士-哲学家的趋势会出现在20世纪的德语欧洲？(2)在弗兰克尔、雅斯贝尔斯和荣格的著作中，哲学和精神病学之间是什么关系？(3)这些思想家在发展意义哲学以应对他们那个时代的危机方面有多成功？尽管马修·贝尔、索努·沙姆达萨尼和卢比卡·乌奇尼克等学者的众多研究涵盖了德语欧洲的心理学史、医学史和认识论的各个方面，但没有人专门关注博士和哲学家的现象，也没有人将他们的作品纳入比较分析。这是我的项目想要填补的一个明显的学术空白。

Viktor Frankl, Karl Jaspers and Carl Jung are, on the surface, very different thinkers: they come from different countries,follow different faiths, and are of different political persuasions. In reality, however, there is a common bond betweenthem - they are all trained psychiatrists, and each develops his own philosophy of life to find meaning throughout thecrises of 20th century German-speaking Europe. My project is an endeavour in intellectual history which falls under thebroad umbrella of German studies. It seeks to answer three key questions: (1) Why might this trend of doctorphilosophers have emerged in 20th century German-speaking Europe? (2) What is the relationship between philosophyand psychiatry in the works of Frankl, Jaspers and Jung? (3) How successful are these thinkers in developingphilosophies of meaning in response to the crises of their time? Though numerous studies by scholars such as MatthewBell, Sonu Shamdasani, and Lubica Ucnik have covered aspects of the history of psychology, medicine, andexistentialism in German-speaking Europe, none have focused specifically on the phenomenon of the doctorphilosophers or brought their works into a comparative analysis. This is a clear gap in scholarship that my project seeksto fill.