What happens during early parent-child interaction for deaf children?

这个项目将考虑行为互动（手势，眼神交流等）的差异。在典型发育的儿童和聋哑婴儿之间的神经联系。基本的互动技能在婴儿期发展，可以影响未来的语言发展。这些早期沟通技巧可以通过亲子互动来发展。听力正常的父母使用言语或声音提示（例如喘息）来回应他们的婴儿，而手语失聪的父母可能使用触觉策略来在互动期间表示兴趣（Kelly等人，2020).与父母听力正常的聋儿相比，父母听力正常的聋儿早期沟通延迟的风险更大。一般认为，父母失聪的失聪婴儿风险较小，因为许多失聪父母直觉地适应了他们的沟通方式，这对失聪婴儿有帮助。然而，对于后一种相对罕见的婴儿群体是如何学习交流的，人们知之甚少。探索这一点不仅本身很有趣，而且有可能帮助我们更普遍地支持失聪婴儿。结果可能会影响如何提供治疗和如何治疗聋儿作为一个临床population.This项目将有3个部分：第一部分考虑在聋哑和听力儿童的亲子互动行为观察。聋儿可进一步分为父母也是聋人的儿童和父母听力正常的儿童。这个项目将通过观察父母或婴儿在凝视、面部表情、发声、动作、手势方面的差异来探索一系列的沟通技巧。第二部分考虑了使用脑电图进行亲子互动时潜在的神经相关性。（取决于研究1和2的结果，时间和资源）将使用治疗干预来研究失聪和听力正常的儿童对不同技术的反应。这可能会影响未来的临床决策时，决定什么方法是最好的聋哑儿童。我是一个合格的言语和语言治疗师，因此受过训练，进行上述therapy.Methods：样本组，包括：-父母的聋哑儿童-失聪婴儿-父母的正常听力儿童-正常听力infants.Study 1：父母和孩子将被观察到在一个中立的位置与一系列一致的年龄相适应的玩具的互动。研究人员将记录各种互动，如眼神接触，触摸，共同注意以及父母和孩子可能使用的方式来吸引对方。第二部分可同时使用脑电图，以观察互动过程中潜在的神经活动。第三部分将涉及使用适合年龄的语言评估，例如TALC 1，德比郡语言计划和治疗技术，以考虑儿童的语言，并比较不同群体在任务中的表现。

This project will consider differences in behavioural interaction (gesture, eye contact etc.) and neural correlates between typically-developing children and deaf infants.Essential interaction skills develop during infancy that can affect future language development. These early communication skills can develop through parent-child interaction. Hearing parents respond to their infants using speech or vocal cues (e.g. gasps) whereas signing deaf parents may use tactile strategies to indicate interest during interaction (Kelly et al., 2020).Compared to hearing infants with hearing parents, deaf infants with hearing parents are at significant risk of delay in early communication. Deaf infants with deaf parents are generally thought to be at less risk since many deaf parents intuitively adapt the way they communicate in ways that are helpful for deaf infants. However, relatively little is known about how this latter, relatively rare, group of infants learn to communicate. Exploring this is not only interesting in its own right, it has the potential to help us support deaf infants more generally. Results may affect how therapy is delivered and how deaf children are treated as a clinical population.This project will have 3 parts:Part 1 considers behavioural observations during parent-child interaction for both deaf and hearing children. The deaf children can be further divided into children whose parents are also deaf, and children with hearing parents. This project will explore a range of communicative skills on the part of the parent or infant by looking at differences in gaze, facial expression, vocalisation, action, gesture.Part 2 considers the underlying neural correlates during parent-child interaction using EEG.Part 3 (depending on the outcomes of study 1 and 2, time and resources) will use therapy interventions to research how deaf and hearing children respond to different techniques. This could influence future clinical decisions when deciding what approach is best for deaf children. I am a qualified Speech and Language Therapist and therefore trained to carry out said therapy.Methods: Sample groups to include: - parents of deaf children - Deaf infants - Parents of normal hearing children - Normal hearing infants.Study 1: Parent and child will be observed interacting in a neutral location with a range of consistent age-appropriate toys. Researchers will make notes of various interactions such as eye contact, touch, joint attention as well as the ways both parent and child may use to engage the other. EEG may be used simultaneously for part 2 to observe underlying neural activity during the interaction.Part 3 will involve using age-appropriate language assessments e.g. TALC 1, Derbyshire Language Scheme, and therapy techniques to consider the child's language and compare how different groups perform on the tasks.