Strategies for Control of Head disease in Spring Barley

在整个谷物行业，人们对谷物健康重新产生了兴趣，并对生物碱和真菌毒素等有毒化学物质的存在表示担忧。这一担忧在用于制麦的大麦、用于碾磨和饲料的小麦以及用于碾磨和加工的燕麦中普遍存在。关于大麦穗病的项目将引起谷物部门的广泛兴趣，并将得到广泛应用。这个男中音博士项目建立在之前和正在进行的研究的基础上，考虑了作物管理和大麦品种如何影响包括枯萎病和麦角病在内的主要大麦穗部疾病的发生。该项目与气候复原力主题密切相关，但也考虑了减少和更有效的投入。实验方法将结合病理学、农学和生理学以及化学分析方法和方法，主要集中在以下几个方面：1.农艺管理。填补我们目前知识的空白，并包括关于改变农艺系统对麦角生存和繁殖的影响的田间试验。我们知道，在进入谷物样品时，邻近牧草的麦角感染会阻碍谷物样品的生长，而且以前的种植和种植会影响镰刀菌的感染。这方面将在一套农艺管理和风险因素中发展，以确定未来对生产的威胁。这部分研究还将包括麦角和镰刀菌的新防治措施，例如植物病害的生物防治，这是一个在更综合的作物保护方法中日益受到关注的领域。此外，还将研究有利于麦角菌核萌发和毒素产生基因表达的环境条件的影响。2.监测霉菌毒素和生物碱的存在。了解土壤和垃圾携带的接种物和麦角菌核的存在及其对真菌毒素和生物碱浓度的贡献。将与更广泛的项目合作开展对霉菌毒素和生物碱存在情况的监测，包括通过供应链和后续加工将其降至最低的方法。我们还认为，任何控制麦角病的农艺变化都不能损害镰刀菌来源的真菌毒素，其中T2/HT2在大麦中是重要的。在整个研究计划中，学生将有机会参与关于作物健康和改良的更广泛的战略研究。

Across the cereals sector, there is renewed interest in grain health and concern about presence of toxic chemicals such as alkaloids and mycotoxins. This concern has been widespread in barley for malting, in wheat destined for milling and feed, and in oats for milling and processing. A project on barley head diseases would attract broad cereal sector interest and would have wide application. This BARIToNE PhD project builds on previous and ongoing research by considering how crop management and barley cultivar influence the occurrence of major barley head diseases, including blight and ergot. The project relates strongly to the climate resilience theme, but also considers reduced and more efficient inputs. Experimental approaches will combine pathology, agronomy and physiology along with chemical analytical approaches and methods in the following main strands: 1. Agronomic management. To provide gap filling in our current knowledge and include field experiments on the impact of changing agronomic systems on ergot survival and proliferation. We know that ergot infection of adjacent grass swards and margins in getting into grain samples and that previous cropping and cultivation can affect fusarium infection. This aspect will be developed within a suite of agronomic management and risk factors to identify future threats to production. This part of the study will also include novel control measures for ergot and fusarium, such as biological control of plant disease which is a growing area of interest in more integrated approaches to crop protection. In addition, the impact of environmental conditions which favour the germination of ergot sclerotia and the expression of toxin production genes will be examined. 2. Monitoring the presence of mycotoxins and alkaloids. To understand the presence of soil and trash borne inoculum and ergot sclerotia and their contribution to mycotoxin and alkaloid concentrations. The monitoring of the presence of mycotoxins and alkaloids will be undertaken with wider project collaboration, including methods for their minimisation through the supply chain and subsequent processing. We also consider that any changes in agronomy that control ergot must not be to the detriment of Fusarium derived mycotoxins, of which T2/HT2 are important in barley. Throughout the research programme, the student will have opportunity to engage with broader strategic research on crop health and improvement.