Meeting the increasing UK demand for seafood sustainably and equitably: integrated shrimp-mangrove aquaculture as a solution to promote environmental

水产养殖是一个很大的领域，在英国有许多种类的鱼类和甲壳类动物被消费。英国每年进口50亿只对虾和其他十足甲壳类动物（《甲壳类同情》，2023年），全球每年总共养殖4000亿只虾（《虾福利项目》，2023年）。因此，该项目侧重于对虾养殖及其与印度环境退化的关系。这一领域鲜有学术研究；大多数研究都是由非政府组织进行的，它们将受益于更多的学术投入。然而，尽管对虾和其他无脊椎动物的福利缺乏关注，但在Birch等人（2021年）的建议下，英国政府通过《2022年动物福利（感知）法案》（Animal welfare (Sentience) Act2022），在法律上承认十足甲壳类动物有知觉。因此，政府现在有义务确保英国每年仅零售商消费的4万吨虾（Pegg, 2019）来自具有可接受福利标准的农场。事实上，虾在英国饮食中占很大一部分，约占英国进口海鲜总价值的五分之一（Pegg, 2019）。鉴于对虾的福利尚未完全了解，学者们目前密切关注对虾养殖场的环境条件和福利（lewis - mendes, Saugh & Boddy, 2022）。红树林通常被清除，为虾类养殖场让路，然而，它们对于为虾类创造一个可持续和宜居的生态系统至关重要，越来越多的人呼吁将虾-红树林水产养殖或银渔业结合起来，以实现粮食生产，同时在很大程度上维持生态系统功能（McSherry等人，2023;Ahmed, Thompson & Glaser, 2018）。由于缺乏对甲壳类动物福利的了解，我们不仅要维护红树林生态系统，还要改善红树林生态系统，让它们为气候变化带来的变化做好准备。还需要进一步研究生产者及其生计与红树林之间的关系。

Aquaculture is a large field, with many species of fish and crustaceans being consumed in the UK.Five billion prawns and other decapod crustaceans imported into the UK annually (CrustaceanCompassion, 2023) and 400 billion shrimp are farmed in total globally each year (Shrimp WelfareProject, 2023). Consequently, this project focuses on shrimp farming and its relationship withenvironmental degradation in India. There is little scholarship on this field; most of research isbeing conducted by NGOs and would benefit from greater academic input. However, despite thelack of attention on the welfare of shrimp and other invertebrates, decapod crustaceans are nowlegally recognised as sentient by the UK Government through the Animal Welfare (Sentience) Act2022 after recommendations from Birch et al. (2021). Therefore, the government now has anobligation to ensure that that the 40,000 tonnes of shrimp consumed in the UK each year by retailshoppers alone (Pegg, 2019) are sourced from farms with acceptable welfare standards. Indeed,shrimp are such a large part of the UK diet that they comprise around a fifth of the total value ofseafood imports into the UK (Pegg, 2019). Given that welfare in shrimp is not yet fully understood,scholars currently closely conflate environmental conditions and welfare in shrimp farms (Lewit-Mendes, Saugh & Boddy, 2022). Mangroves are commonly cleared to make way for shrimp farms,however, they are vital in creating a sustainable and liveable ecosystem for the shrimp, and thereare increasing calls for integrated shrimp-mangrove aquaculture, or silvofisheries, to allow forfood production whilst also largely maintaining ecosystem function (McSherry et al., 2023;Ahmed, Thompson & Glaser, 2018). The lack of knowledge on crustacean welfare means it isimperative to not only maintain but also improve mangrove ecosystems and prepare them for thechanges that climate change will bring. Further scholarship on producers and the relationshipbetween their livelihoods and mangroves is also warranted.