Developing national climate risk indicators of spatial and temporal variations in river water temperature for the UK

主要目标是建立一个国家一级的河流水温时空综合评估，作为未来可能发生的干旱事件的气候风险指标。最终目标是取得实际成果，以提高各国将气候变化适应措施有效纳入各自国家发展框架的能力(Mimura等人，2015年)。《气候变化适应部门规划准则》(英国政府，2022年)讨论了气候风险指标在英国政策制定和适应中的重要性。报告强调，指标的关键应用之一是监测和评价各部门内适应行动的效力。这些指标能够评估暴露水平的空间和时间变化。此外，CCRA4的一些主要目标是建立一个新的指标框架，以便利监测投资决定和执行适应战略。此外，它旨在评估这些适应努力的成果(英国政府，2022年)。温度的重要性是显而易见的，因为它是水质和可获得性的关键决定因素(O‘Connor等人，2022年)。这一指标的新奇之处在于，它在英国的背景下非常稀缺。它的应用可以被英国气候变化委员会用来评估以下趋势的其他指标作为例证：-风险因素(危害、脆弱性和暴露)-适应行动(投入和产出)--不同部门和行政单位的气候影响(英国政府，2022年)。此外，这些指标是适应的关键资产，在“监测管理”过程中发挥着重要作用。此外，它们在以下方面具有实用价值：-确定当前绩效的基准(几十年，甚至重建)--评估气候行动的结果--向不同的受众传播风险最后，重要的是考虑这些方法在不同地区或不同时期的可移植性和可转移性。因此，目前缺乏既定国家指标的其他国家也有可能采用类似的办法。

The primary objective is to establish a comprehensive national-level assessment of spatio-temporal river water temperature as a climate risk indicator for potential drought events in the future. The ultimate goal is to derive practical outcomes to enhance the capacity of nations to effectively incorporate climate change adaptation measures into their respective national development frameworks (Mimura et al., 2015). The significance of climate risk indicators in UK policy formulation and adaptation was discussed in the "Sectoral Planning Guidelines for Climate Change Adaptation" (HM Government, 2022). It highlights that one of the key applications of indicators is to monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of adaptation actions within various sectors. These indicators enable an evaluation of spatial and temporal changes in exposure level. Also, some of the primary objectives of the CCRA4 are to establish a new framework of indicators that facilitate the monitoring of investment decisions and the implementation of adaptation strategies. Additionally, it aims to evaluate the outcomes derived from these adaptation endeavours (HM Government, 2022).The significance of temperature is apparent, as it serves as a key determinant of water quality and availability (O'Connor et al., 2022). The novelty of this indicator lies in its scarcity within the context of the UK. Its application can be exemplified by other indicators that have been utilized by the UK Climate Change Committee to assess trends in:-Risk factors (hazard, vulnerability, and exposure)-Adaptation action (input and output)-Climate impacts across various sectors and administrative units (HM Government, 2022).Furthermore, the indicators serve as a key asset for adaptation, playing a significant role in the process of "monitoring to manage". Furthermore, they possess practical utility in:-Benchmarking current performance (over multiple decades, even reconstructed)-Evaluating the outcomes of climate actions-Communicating risks to diverse audiencesLastly, it is important to consider the portability and transferability of the methods to different regions or time periods. Therefore, it is possible that similar approaches could be utilized in other country that currently lack established national indicators.