The Men Who Stayed at Home: Civilian Masculinities on the American Home Front During World War II

我的研究考察了20世纪40年代美国男性平民如何构建、重建和表达他们的男子气概和男子气概。我把我的研究放在《选择性服役法案》实施的时期(1940-1947)，因为正如詹姆斯·斯帕罗所说，选择性服役官员对不同男性群体进行分类的方式，对受他们影响的男性的男子气概产生了重大影响。我的重点是被选择性兵役管理机构推迟服役的三个群体：COS(依良心拒服兵役者，获得第四至E类身份)；“战争工人”和农业劳动者，因为他们的工作对战争努力的重要性而被推迟服役(第二类)；以及被认为“身体、精神或道德上不适合”服役的男性，包括同性恋者(第四至F类)。通过将女性推入传统的男性职业，并进一步将战斗大兵理想化为理想型男性，这场战争迫使这三个平民群体重建，并应对对他们自己的性别教育实体的挑战。调查这些过程将提供关于二战后方性别的更全面的图景。

My research examines the ways in which male American civilians constructed, reconstructed, and expressed theirmasculinities and manhood in the 1940s. I situate my study in the period during which the Selective Service Act was inoperation (1940-1947), because, as James Sparrow has argued, the ways in which Selective Service officials classifieddifferent groups of men 'had momentous consequences for the manhood' of 'the men subjected to them'. I focus on threegroups deferred from service by the Selective Service administration: COs (conscientious objectors who receivedCategory IV-E status); 'war workers' and agricultural labourers deferred because of the importance of their work to thewar effort (Category II); and men, including homosexuals, deemed 'physically, mentally, or morally unfit' for service(Category IV-F). By pushing women into traditionally male occupations and further idealising the combat GI as the ideal-type male, the war forced these three civilian groups to reconstruct, and negotiate the challenges to, their own genderedidentities. Investigating these processes will provide a fuller picture of gender on the WWII home front.