Aerodynamic and Thermodynamic Design of Heat Management Systems Accelerating Net Zero using Advanced Fluids

在推动实现“净零”的过程中，有必要提出和确定能源行业内的进一步技术进步，以降低工厂成本，提高工厂效率，并允许工厂适应其他可再生能源。因此，这些改进必须实现更高的系统效率，同时将所利用的能源系统的运营损失降至最低。因此，该项目旨在研究具有理想传输性能(如低粘度到高传热能力)的先进工质，以在先进的透平机械动力循环中运行，以帮助实现这一转变。这些先进的工作流体包含超临界流体(如SCO2)和有机蒸气稠密气体，这些气体已经直接存在于利用SCO2的有机朗肯循环回收的先进循环配置中。在这些动力循环的热管理系统中可以发现所述流体的适用性，例如用于热回收或中间冷却，其目的是直接推动循环本身的循环效率进一步提高。使用这些高工作压力的先进流体可以实现高功率密度，因此可以提高效率并缩小工厂规模，从而直接影响工厂成本和规模。因此，这项研究旨在解决三个关键标准：1.确定在热管理系统中使用建议的先进工质时观察到的热传递趋势。2.观察到的气动损失机制以及对热管理系统本身的性能和效率的净影响。3.就被认为是最合适的竞争者的先进流体的设计标准和操作条件提出了前进方向。这些标准应结合高保真尺度分辨率计算模拟和通过拟议的热传递设施和现有的气动损失分析设施的实验进一步验证，该设施将适用于更高的超临界运行条件。

In the push towards achieving "Net Zero" it is necessary that further technological advancements within the energy industry are proposed and identified in order to reduce plant costs, improve plant efficiencies and allow for plant adaptability with other renewable energy sources. These advancements hence must achieve higher system efficiencies with minimised operating losses in the utilised energy systems. Thus, this project aims to research advanced working fluids with desirable transport properties (such as low viscosity to high heat transfer capability) to operate in advanced turbomachine-based power cycles to aid in this transition. These advanced working fluids contain Supercritical fluids (such as sCO2) and organic vapour dense gases which are already directly found within advanced cycle configurations utilising organic Rankine cycles of SCO2 recovery. Applicability for said fluids is found within the heat management systems of these power cycles such as for heat recovery or intercooling which aims to directly push the cyclic efficiency further for the cycle itself. The achievable high power-densities with the use of these high operating pressure advanced fluids can thus allow for higher efficiencies and reduced plant size thus, directly influencing plant cost and size. Thus, the research aims to address three key criterions 1. Identify heat transfer trends observed with the use of proposed advanced working fluids in heat management systems. 2. Aerodynamic loss mechanisms being observed and the net effect on performance and efficiencies of the heat management system itself. 3. Proposed way forward in terms of design criterion and operating conditions for advanced fluid/fluids deemed as the best suitable contenders. These criterions shall be addressed through a combination of high-fidelity scale resolving computational simulations and further verification through experimentation with a proposed heat transfer facility and an already existing facility for aerodynamic loss analysis which will be adapted for higher supercritical operating conditions.