Incentives, Information and Relations in Malawi

描述(由申请人提供)：目标是收集关于期望、随机奖励支付和性行为的创新数据，并分析在性关系、家庭动态和信息寻求方面对以下变化的适应：(I)受访者对其自身健康状况的了解，(Ii)对感染风险、性传播感染/艾滋病毒流行率和冒险行为的预期，以及(Iii)参与自愿咨询和治疗(VCT)和保持艾滋病毒阴性状态的随机直接金钱激励。该提案利用了马拉维传播和观念变化项目，该项目收集了异常丰富的小组调查数据(1998年、2001年、2004年，2006年即将获得资助)、定性数据以及艾滋病毒和其他性传播感染的生物标记物。具体目标包括：(A)分析已经从一项实验设计中收集的数据，该实验设计为受访者提供随机差别激励以获得他们的性传播感染和艾滋病毒检测结果；(B)在2005年收集另一轮调查和生物标记数据，以创建一项实验设计，激励受访者保持艾滋病毒阴性，并衡量对与性健康有关的行为和风险的预期；(C)利用音频计算机辅助访谈技术对2005-2006年12个月期间的性行为进行重复测量；(D)调查与健康相关的期望的模式、形成和行为后果；以及(E)调查奖励艾滋病毒阴性性关系、性传播感染预防战略、过渡到婚姻、离婚、主观幸福感和其他与性传播感染/艾滋病毒有关的行为和态度的直接货币奖励措施的影响和效力。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The goal is to collect innovative data on expectations, randomized incentive payments and sexual behaviors, and to analyze the adaptation in sexual relations, household dynamics, and information-seeking to variation in (i) respondents' knowledge about their own health status, (ii) expectations about infection risks, STI/HIV prevalence, and risk-taking behaviors, and (iii) randomized direct monetary incentives for participating in voluntary counseling and treatment (VCT) and for maintaining a HIV negative status. The proposal takes advantage of the Malawi Diffusion and Ideational Change Project (MDICP) that collects an unusually rich combination of panel survey data (1998, 2001, 2004, with a forthcoming funded wave in 2006), qualitative data and biomarkers for HIV and other STIs. The specific aims include (a) the analysis of already collected data from an experimental design that offered randomized differential incentives for respondents to obtain their STI and HIV test results, (b) the collection of an additional round of survey and biomarker data in 2005 to create an experimental design that offers incentives for respondents to remain HIV negative and to measure expectations about behaviors and risks related to sexual health, (c) obtain repeated measurements of sexual activities during a 12 month period in 2005-06 using audio-computer assisted interviewing techniques, (d) investigate the patterns, formation and behavioral consequences of health related expectations, and (e) investigate the implications and effectiveness of direct monetary incentives rewarding a HIV-negative status for sexual relations, the adoption of STI prevention strategies, transition into marriage, divorce, subjective well-being and other STI/HIV-related behaviors and attitudes.