Deciphering Reaction Mechanisms of Biomass Upgrading over Zeolitic Materials via Advanced Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy

催化快速热解（CFP）可以为木质生物质转化为可进一步加工为可持续航空燃料（SAF）和其他生物燃料的升级生物油开辟途径，从而支持燃料和化学生产循环的脱碳。目前，控制这种反应的机制仍然难以捉摸。特别令人感兴趣的是在ZSM-5沸石催化剂上从含氧生物质中除去氧并将其转化为芳烃的过程。本研究采用固体核磁共振（NMR）技术，包括高分辨率魔角旋转（HR-MAS）、多核多维实验和超高场光谱仪相结合，捕捉生物质模型催化升级过程中形成的中间体，旨在为反应机理提供独特的见解。一个专门建造的反应器已经被开发出来，可以控制反应条件，并探索一些因素，如温度、压力和流量。此外，各种化学模型化合物被用来代表不同的生物质成分（木质素、纤维素和半纤维素）。从这项研究中获得的理解将有助于开发更有效的沸石催化剂用于生物质转化，并有助于向更可再生能源的格局过渡。

Catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) can support the decarbonisation of fuel and chemical production cycles by opening pathways for the conversion of woody biomass into an upgraded bio-oil that can be further processed to sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) and other biofuels. Currently the mechanisms governing this reaction remains elusive. Of particular interest is the process by which oxygen is removed from the oxygenated biomass and converted into aromatics over a ZSM-5 zeolite catalyst. The research employs a combination of solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) techniques, including high resolution magic-angle spinning (HR-MAS), multinuclear multidimensional experiments and the use of ultra-high field spectrometers to capture the intermediates formed during the catalytic upgrading of biomass models, aimed at providing unique insights into the reaction mechanism.A purpose-built reactor has been developed to allow control over reaction conditions and to explore a number of factors such temperature, pressure, and flow rates. Additionally, various chemical model compounds are employed to represent different biomass components (lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose). The understanding gained from this research will contribute to the development of more efficient zeolitic catalysts for biomass conversion, and aid the transition towards a more renewable energy landscape.