How do recreational activities alter spatiotemporal species interactions networks, and can this knowledge assist in promoting pro-environmental

[标题续)娱乐活动在凯恩戈姆斯连接地区很普遍，每年有超过190万人参观凯恩戈姆斯国家公园，享受徒步旅行、骑自行车和沉浸在大自然中。然而，这种活动可能会扰乱动物，造成类似于捕食的非致命性影响。这可能会改变个体的适合度，并可能对物种的活动、分布和种间相互作用产生影响。这项博士研究与环境和生态模型研究中心合作，旨在了解和预测生态社区对娱乐干扰的反应。这将通过利用跨越人为干扰梯度部署的遥感技术对鸟类和哺乳动物群落进行监测来实现。将使用相机陷阱来评估哺乳动物和地面鸟类物种之间的活动和相互作用。此外，还将部署AudioMoths收集生物声学数据，并对更广泛的鸟类群落进行调查。这项研究将采用社会-生态系统耦合的方法，同时进行调查，以评估和更好地了解景观使用者的行为动机和容忍度。这将为根据确定的因素提出明智的管理建议提供证据，以增加改变的意愿，并将景观使用者和生态社区的利益结合在一起。

[title cont.] behaviour?Recreational activity is widespread throughout the Cairngorms Connect region, with over 1.9 million people visiting the Cairngorms National Park annually to enjoy hikes, bike rides and immersion in nature. However, such activities can disturb animals causing impacts similar to the non-lethal effects of predation. This can alter individual fitness and may have consequences for species activity, distributions and interspecific interactions. Working in collaboration with the Centre of Research into Environmental and Ecological Modelling, this PhD research aims to understand and predict the responses of ecological communities to recreational disturbance. This will be achieved through the monitoring of avian and mammalian communities using remote sensing techniques deployed across gradients of anthropogenic disturbance. Camera traps will be used to assess the activity and interactions among species of mammals and ground dwelling birds. Further, AudioMoths will be deployed to collect bioacoustic data and survey the wider avian community. This research will take a coupled socio-ecological systems approach, conducting surveys in parallel to assess and better understand the behavioural motivations and tolerance of landscape users. This will provide evidence to make informed management recommendations based on factors identified to increase willingness to change, marrying the benefits for the landscape users and ecological communities.