Identification, Sign, Fantasy : Unsettling the Greek Romantic Body through Psychoanalytic Theory

这个项目试图回答关于身体问题的一系列问题--尤其是性别身体--阅读希腊浪漫故事可能会提出这些问题，但这些问题还没有得到适当的回答。首先，如果身体的获取可以通过拉康关于想象身份的观点来理解(巴特勒1993)，那么这种身份可能产生的分离和恐惧会发生什么(拉康1966)？达夫尼斯和克洛伊将通过身份识别逐渐发现身体的故事(阿尔瓦雷斯2012)与可怕的身体蜕变故事配对，拉卡恩的视角让我们能够探索两者之间的联系。其次，身体能被理解在拉康符号的模型上吗？拉康符号不仅代表符号，而且参与更广泛的不可预测和预先存在的符号网络？在言外之意的言外之意的文本中，身体被彼此隐喻地替代，或者被其他身体描述的物体所表示，它们反过来指向这些物体。在每一次替换中，身体发生了什么，这个网络的不可控方面可能再次与身体的恐怖联系在一起？最后，身体作为幻想的关系(由缺席所驱动)如何与化身重合？这个项目旨在通过探索可以理解身体(在浪漫故事中和一般情况下)的替代模式来扰乱对身体的稳定概念。将这些变革性的模式定位在浪漫爱情小说看似规范的领域，为规范内部的颠覆性提供了额外的视角。为了将浪漫故事重新想象为彻底重新阐述我们对身体的理解的场所，精神分析提供了一个特别有用的起点。在叙事框架内，身体只能作为叙事的一部分被接近，因此成为时间化的。因此，将使用精神分析对发展的不确定性的关注，并由酷儿理论的观点补充(斯托克顿2009；萨拉蒙2010；哈伯斯塔姆2011)。由于身体的叙事性写作绝非简单，精神分析的非符号化真实、屈辱(Kristeva 1982)和文本的无意识(Zeitlin 2012)的概念也是有用的。在福柯(1984)的启发下，90年代的S学术浪潮要么被视为一种新的常态(Winkler 1990；Konstein 1993；Perkins 1995)，要么被视为具有讽刺意味的规范性话语(GoldHill 1995)，至今仍对该体裁的学术产生重大影响(Haynes 2002；Morgan 2003；Montiglio 2012；Alvares 2014)。然而，这两种观点都没有考虑到性别身体的不稳定性，因为它是以叙事的方式产生的。如果我们拒绝把封闭作为统治意义(惠特马什，2011)，我们就会看到，规范性的基础正在动摇，这不仅仅是以一种讽刺的方式。因此，简单执法的观念已经站不住脚。在与精神分析概念的对话中(芬克1995)，这个项目试图更近距离地阅读浪漫故事中的身体，这种方法将被证明既更忠于文本，又在我们的时代更具变革性。

This project attempts to answer a series of questions on the problem of bodies-especially gendered bodies-which a reading of the Greek romances might pose, but which have not yet been properly answered. First, if the acquisition of a body can be understood through the Lacanian perspective of imaginary identifications (Butler 1993), what happens to those disjunctions and horrors which such identifications might engender (Lacan 1966)? Daphnis and Chloe pairs a gradual discovery of the body through identifications (Alvares 2012) with terrifying tales of bodily metamorphosis, and the Lacanian perspective allows us to explore the connection between the two. Secondly, can the body be understood on the model of the Lacanian sign, which not only signifies but participates in a wider unpredictable and preexisting network of signs? In the digressive and ecphrastic texts of the romances, bodies are metaphorically substituted for one another, or signified by other corporeally described objects, to which they in turn point back. What happens to the body in each substitution, and how might the uncontrollable aspect of this network again relate to the horrors of the body? Finally, how can a relation of the body as fantasy (motivated by absence) coincide with embodiment? This project aims to disrupt a stable conception of the body, by exploring alternative models by which the body (in the romances and in general) can be understood. Locating these transformative models in the seemingly normative sphere of the romances provides additional perspectives on the disruptive within the normative. In order to reimagine the romances as sites for radical reformulation of our understanding of the body, psychoanalysis provides a particularly useful starting point. Within a narrative framework, the body can only be approached as part of the narrative, and thus becomes temporalised. Hence psychoanalysis' focus on the uncertainties of development will be employed, and complemented by perspectives from queer theory (Stockton 2009; Salamon 2010; Halberstam 2011). Since the narrative writing-into-being of the body is anything but simple, psychoanalytic concepts of the unsymbolised Real, abjection (Kristeva 1982), and the unconscious of the text (Zeitlin 2012) are additionally useful. The wave of 90's scholarship, inspired by Foucault (1984) in which the romances are viewed either as enforcing a new normativity (Winkler 1990; Konstan 1993; Perkins 1995) or as ironising normative discourses (Goldhill 1995) still exert a strong influence on the scholarship of the genre (Haynes 2002; Morgan 2003; Montiglio 2012; Alvares 2014). Both perspectives, however, fail to take into account the instability of the gendered body as it comes into being narratively. If we resist closure as governing meaning (Whitmarsh 2011), we see that the basis of normativity is being unsettled, in more than ironic ways. Hence, notions of simple enforcement can no longer stand. In dialogue with psychoanalytic concepts (Fink 1995), this project attempts a closer reading of the body in the romances, an approach which will prove both more faithful to the texts, and more transformative in our time.