Modification and evaluation of natural polysaccharides and their application in fabric care

洗衣粉生产对能源消耗和环境保护的全球影响突出表明需要创新的解决办法，特别是在开发有机和环保的洗衣护理产品方面。虽然表面活性剂仍然是洗衣配方中不可或缺的一部分，但目前的洗涤剂已经演变为还包括聚合物、助剂、漂白剂、酶和螯合剂，在控制清洁性能方面发挥了关键作用。2尽管聚合物有几个好处以及它们如何改善当今的生活质量，但目前98%以上的聚合物的化石性质及其通过焚烧的方式处置极大地促进了二氧化碳排放3。鉴于目前使用的许多聚合物的生物降解性有限，应对这一挑战需要使用旨在完全生物降解或降解为环境友好产品的聚合物。4生物聚合物，如壳聚糖、纤维素和淀粉，由于其无毒和自然代谢，为开发可生物降解聚合物提供了良好的基础。然而，天然生物聚合物往往缺乏特定应用所需的性能，需要进行化学修饰。杂化聚合物结合了生物成分和合成成分，代表了一种利用这两类聚合物的最佳性能的方法3.由壳聚糖衍生的壳寡糖(COS)即使在强碱性条件下也表现出优异的水溶性和低粘度5。壳聚糖大分子结构中的反应性氨基和羟基的存在允许进行各种修饰，如烷基化、酰化和席夫碱的形成，从而调整其性质以适应不同的应用。然而，化学修饰可能会影响壳聚糖的生物降解性，因为分子量、大分子结构和聚合物的端基会影响这一特性4。疏水修饰已被证实有利于优化洗衣应用中的多糖的物理化学性质。疏水附属物的长度和取代度是需要精确调整的关键因素，以在织物中带来显著的好处6本研究旨在生产改性的天然生物可降解聚合物，解决其在洗衣护理中使用的有限信息，并回应对生态友好产品日益增长的需求。其目标是提高清洁性能并促进循环经济，与洗衣行业可持续解决方案的必要性保持一致。T.Kalak和R.Cierpiszewski，纺织研究杂志，2015年，85,1884-1906.2 K.Jangir，A.Gour，N.K.Suniya，S.K.Meena和K.Parihar，印度化学会杂志，2023,100,100815.3 B.von Vacano，H.Mangold，G.W.M.Vandermeulen，G.Battagliarin，M.Hofmann，J.Bean和A.Kukel，Angewandte Chemie-International Edition，10.1002/anie.202210823.4 G.W.M.Vandermeulen，A.Boarino和H.A.Klok，聚合物科学杂志，2022年，60,1813.5 L.Yue，J.Li，W.Chen，X.Liu，Q.酱，W.X.X.X.X.，江和W.Xia，Carbohyr Polym，2017年，10.1002,356-364.6 M.D‘Avino，R.Chilton，S.Gang，M.R.Sivik和D.A.Fulton，Ind Eng Chem res，2022，61,14159-14172。

The global impact of laundry detergent production on energy consumption and environmental conservation underscores the need for innovative solutions, particularly in the development of organic and eco-friendly laundry care products1. While surfactants remain integral to laundry formulations, the current detergents have evolved to also include polymers, builders, bleaching agents, enzymes, and chelating agents, playing a crucial role in controlling cleaning performance2.Despite the several benefits of polymers and how they improved today's quality of life, the fossil nature of over 98% of current polymers and their disposal via incineration contribute significantly to CO2 emissions3. Addressing this challenge requires the utilization of polymers designed for complete biodegradation or degradation into environmentally benign products, given the limited biodegradability of many currently employed polymers4.Biological polymers, such as chitosan, cellulose, and starch, provide a promising foundation for the development of biodegradable polymers due to their non-toxic nature and natural metabolization. However, native biological polymers often lack the desired performance for specific applications, necessitating chemical modification. Hybrid polymers, combining biological and synthetic components, represent an approach to leverage the best properties of both polymer classes3.Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS), derived from chitosan, exhibits excellent water solubility and low viscosity, even under strong alkaline conditions5. The presence of reactive amino and hydroxyl groups in chitosan's macromolecular structure allows for various modifications, such as alkylation, acylation, and Schiff base formation, tailoring its properties for diverse applications. However, chemical modifications can compromise the biodegradability of chitosan, since molecular weight, macromolecular architecture and the end groups of the polymer can affect this property4. Hydrophobic modifications have been identified as beneficial for optimizing polysaccharides' physico-chemical properties in laundry applications. The length and degree of substitution of hydrophobic appendages are key factors requiring precise tuning to deliver substantial benefits in textiles6.This study aims to produce modified natural biodegradable polymers, addressing the limited information on their use in laundry care and responding to the increasing demand for eco-friendly products. The objective is to enhance cleaning performance and contribute to a circular economy, aligning with the imperative for sustainable solutions in laundry care.1 T. Kalak and R. Cierpiszewski, Textile Research Journal, 2015, 85, 1884-1906.2 K. Jangir, A. Gour, N. K. Suniya, S. K. Meena and K. Parihar, Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, 2023, 100, 100815.3 B. von Vacano, H. Mangold, G. W. M. Vandermeulen, G. Battagliarin, M. Hofmann, J. Bean and A. Kunkel, Angewandte Chemie - International Edition, , DOI:10.1002/anie.202210823.4 G. W. M. Vandermeulen, A. Boarino and H. A. Klok, Journal of Polymer Science, 2022, 60, 1797-1813.5 L. Yue, J. Li, W. Chen, X. Liu, Q. Jiang and W. Xia, Carbohydr Polym, 2017, 176, 356-364.6 M. D'Avino, R. Chilton, S. Gang, M. R. Sivik and D. A. Fulton, Ind Eng Chem Res, 2022, 61, 14159-14172.