Intergenerational Experiences of Gang and Youth Violence in Bermuda

百慕大第一起与帮派有关的谋杀案发生在2001年，随后不久，2003年又发生了第一起持枪帮派谋杀案。自那以后，该岛一直在努力接受和应对不断演变的帮派和青少年暴力问题。在20年的时间里，发生了71起谋杀案和294起确认的枪支事件。在2011年的高峰时期，百慕大的谋杀率飙升至每10万人12.5人的全球平均水平的近两倍，高于2003年的3.1人。最近，整个社区和当地学校的青少年暴力事件有所增加。这项研究旨在探讨了解和解决小岛屿社区的帮派和青少年暴力问题所面临的挑战。鉴于这一领域缺乏具体研究以及百慕大帮派暴力问题仍在发展，本研究的预期目标是探讨两代人之间帮派和青少年暴力的范围和感知性质，探讨这些观念如何与解决这一问题的战略的结构和进程相适应，并就帮派和青少年暴力问题提出政策和社会变革建议。目的是收集多个领域的数据，包括现在和以前参与帮派的人的几代人的经历，以探索帮派的性质及其在百慕大的发展。然后将对这些数据进行分析，以考虑当前和拟议的解决帮派和青少年暴力问题的战略的效率，并提供政策建议。这些问题指导着研究：百慕大青少年和帮派暴力的性质和范围是什么？两代人之间对帮派和青少年暴力的代际经历和看法是什么？在多大程度上，如果有的话，是否存在代际差异效应？应对帮派和青少年暴力的反复尝试有多有效？鉴于2001年之前没有帮派暴力，而且帮派和青少年暴力随着时间的推移发展得如此之快，有必要通过不同世代的经历来审视这一问题，以了解这一现象，并探讨该岛如何通过不同的行政当局和服务机构对这一问题作出反应。了解这些经验有助于查明服务方面的任何差距，并为政策和战略发展提供坚实的证据基础。

The first identified gang-related murder in Bermuda occurred in 2001, shortly followed by the first gangmurder with a firearm in 2003. The island has since struggled to come to terms with and respond to theevolving gang and youth violence problem. Over a 20-year period, there were 71 murders and 294confirmed firearm incidents. At its peak in 2011, Bermuda's murder rate skyrocketed to nearly twice theglobal average at 12.5 per 100,000 people, up from 3.1 in 2003. Recently, there has been an increase inyouth violence across the community and in local schools. This study seeks to explore the challenges ofunderstanding and addressing gang and youth violence in small island communities. Given the lack ofspecific research in this area and the developing problem of gang violence in Bermuda, the prospectiveaims of this study would be to explore the scope and perceived nature of gang and youth violencethrough two generations, explore how these perceptions fit into the structure and process of strategiesto address the issue and provide policy and social change recommendations regarding gang and youthviolence. The objective is to collect data across multiple domains, including the multigenerationalexperiences of current and previous gang-involved people, to explore the nature of gangs and theirdevelopment in Bermuda. The data will then be analysed to consider the efficiency of current andproposed strategies to address gang and youth violence and provide policy recommendations. Thequestions guide the research: What is the nature and scope of youth and gang violence in Bermuda?What are the intergenerational experiences and perceptions of gang and youth violence between twogenerations? To what extent, if at all, are there differential generational effects? How effective arecurrent attempts to tackle gang and youth violence? Given that there was no gang violence before 2001and how rapidly gang and youth violence has developed over time, it is worth examining the problemthrough the lens of different generations' experiences to understand the phenomenon and explore howthe island has responded to the issue through various administrations and services. Understandingthese experiences could help to identify any gaps in services and provide a solid evidence base for policyand strategic development.