Thin film - perovskite tandem structures

光伏（PV）太阳能电池是实现脱碳经济的关键技术之一，迄今为止，全球已安装了超过1 TW的光伏系统。然而，据估计，到2050年仅需要> 20 TW的光伏容量。虽然成本大幅下降，但光伏组件成本通常不到整个系统成本的一半，进一步降低系统成本的机会有限。因此，降低整体成本的最佳方法是提高模块转换效率。多结（串联）太阳能电池（不包括III-V族半导体）正在为主流地面应用提供下一个突破性机会，其突出解决方案目前基于硅（利用现有的制造能力），其中钙钛矿实现> 29%的功率转换效率。基于薄膜的串联器件的机会由于其低制造成本而仍然很高，轻质和灵活的特性使其非常适合构建集成PV和移动的设备。最先进的薄膜/钙钛矿器件的效率接近~ 26%。该项目将专注于薄膜-钙钛矿串联结构的关键技术方面：1。钙钛矿和薄膜电池中的替代透明层以降低膜粗糙度并允许大型柔性器件。研究替代超薄底部电池（可变带隙）.可转移和倒置结构的提离方法。

Photovoltaics (PV) solar cells are one of the key technologies to realise a decarbonised economy and to date > 1 TW of PV systems have been installed globally. However, it is estimated that > 20 TW of PV capacity alone is needed by 2050. While costs have come down dramatically, the PV module cost is typically less than half that of the total system with limited opportunities to further reduce the balance of systems cost. Therefore, the best way to drive the overall costs down is by increasing the module conversion efficiency. Multi-junction (tandem) solar cells (excluding III-V semiconductors) are offering the next breakthrough opportunity for mainstream terrestrial applications with the prominent solution currently based on the combination of silicon (making use of existing manufacturing capabilities) with perovskite achieving a power conversion efficiency of > 29 %.Opportunities for thin film based tandem devices remain high due to their low fabrication costs, lightweight and flexible nature making them ideally suited for building integrated PV and mobile devices. State-of-the-art thin film/perovskite devices are approaching ~ 26 % efficiency. This project will focus on key technological aspects of the thin film-perovskite tandem structure:1. Alternative transparent layer(s) in both the perovskite and thin film cell to reduce film roughness and allow for large flexible devices.2. Investigate alternative ultra-thin bottom cell (variable bandgap).3. Lift-off methods for transferable and inverted structures.