A geometric framework approach to understand multi-metal toxicity on individual organisms to evaluate relative risks and benefits of pollution and mit

金属对环境的污染不仅限于重金属，还包括生命所必需的金属。生物体已经适应了这些通常稀缺的金属，并将它们用于基本的细胞机制，如超氧化物歧化酶（如铜）和光合作用的成分（如铁、锰和铜）。目前，我们对金属对整体健康和机体健康的个体毒性水平有了合理的了解。我们缺乏对具有不同基本金属金属生物学的生物体的毒性和/或益处水平的看法，以及这些金属如何影响细胞处理以引起相互作用，从而导致混合物中意想不到的效果。重要的是，文献中有一些例子表明，必需金属和其他元素之间存在很强的相互依赖性，既降低毒性阈值，也提高毒性阈值。

Environmental pollution with metals is not exclusive to heavy metals but includes metals essential forlife. Organisms have adapted to harvest these often-scarce metals and use them in essential cellularmachinery such as superoxide dismutase (e.g. copper) and components of photosynthesis (e.g. iron,manganese and copper). Currently, we have a reasonable understanding of the individual toxicitylevels of metals to overall health and organismal fitness. We are lacking a perspective on the levels oftoxicity and/or benefit to organisms with different essential metal metallobiology and how thesemetals may influence cellular handling to cause interactions leading to unexpected effects inmixtures. Importantly there are examples in the literature that suggest strong interdependency ofessential metals and with other elements, both lowering and heightening toxicity thresholds.