Open Doors? Cross-border itineraries of Venezuelan migrants in Colombia, Ecuador & Peru

估计有490万委内瑞拉人在拉丁美洲和加勒比流动，该地区正在经历其历史上最重要的移民运动之一。尽管这一外流的重要性，委内瑞拉移民，作为广泛的南南移民，在英语国家的人文地理和移民研究中一直没有得到充分的研究。虽然对南美洲边界和边界的新兴研究已经开展，但目前的工作缺乏对移民穿越和理解这些不同边界制度和实践的详细参与。拟议的研究调查了委内瑞拉移民如何在秘鲁、厄瓜多尔和哥伦比亚之间的三个边境城市规划和确定他们的行程，因为南美国家改变了他们的边境和移民政策。利用以移民为中心的方法，本研究将对塑造移民经历的复杂和多方面的行程产生新的理解。我将研究正在进行的行程，重点是介于两者之间的地方：边境城市，其中的行程是由不同的因素，包括边境管制，准备，改变和挑战。我将重点介绍三个过境最多的边境地区：Tumbes（秘鲁和厄瓜多尔之间的边界），Rumichaca（厄瓜多尔和哥伦比亚之间的边界）和Cúcuta（哥伦比亚和委内瑞拉之间的边界）。将行程作为一种概念和方法工具，将阐明分析移徙者在重新思考南美洲边界和过境地点时的做法的重要性。这项研究将有助于对在哥伦比亚、厄瓜多尔和秘鲁的委内瑞拉移民进行新颖的实证分析，扩大对研究不足的地理区域的行程和边界的研究。

With an estimated 4.9 million Venezuelans on the move in LatinAmerica and the Caribbean, the region is experiencing one of the most important migratory movements of its history. Despite the importance of this exodus, Venezuelan migration, as south-south migration broadly,has been under-researched in Anglophone human geography and migration studies. And while emerging studies of borders and bordering in South America has been carried, current work lacks a detailed engagement with the experiences of migrants traversing, and making sense of, such diverse bordering regimes and practices. The proposed research examines how Venezuelan migrants plan and define their itineraries in three borders cities between Peru, Ecuador and Colombia as South American countries change their border and migration policies. Utilising a migrant centred approach, this study will develop a novel understanding of the complex and multi-faceted itineraries that shape migrant experiences. I will study the ongoing itineraries focusing on places in-between: borders cities where itineraries are prepared, changed and challenged by different factors includingborder controls. I will focus on the three most transited border zones: Tumbes (border between Peru and Ecuador), Rumichaca (border between Ecuador and Colombia) and Cúcuta (border between Colombia and Venezuela). Using itineraries as both a conceptual and a methodological tool will shed light on the importance of analysing migrants' practices in rethinking borders and transit places in South America. This research will contribute a novel empirical analysis of Venezuelan migrants in Colombia, Ecuador and Peru, expanding research on itineraries and borders in an understudied geographical area.