Solar Orbiter: Studies of the Origins and Dynamics of the Solar Wind Charged Particle Populations

了解太阳和太阳风之间的联系是太阳物理学和空间/日光层物理学的一个关键目标，它涉及控制质量和能量通过日冕进入行星际空间的多种物理过程。除了确定稳定的快速和慢速风类型的起源和驱动因素外，还必须进一步了解太阳上发生的瞬变和爆炸性事件，以及这种扰动如何随着或通过太阳风传播，并最终可能影响地球空间环境。考虑到天基和地基基础设施的脆弱性，迫切需要了解从太阳到地球的这些“空间天气”现象背后的物理学，以促进预报和预测。该项目的学生将进行的研究旨在揭示一些支持太阳-太阳风联系的过程，解决太阳风释放驱动因素的性质，活动区域的作用，加速不同类型风的日冕洞，以及太阳的动态导致CME中质量和能量的爆炸性释放。学生将开发和使用一种方法，该方法以分析太阳轨道器的遥感和现场数据为中心，特别是MSSL仪器EUI和SWA（酌情使用其他支持数据集），可用于建立太阳风及其源区域之间的联系，从而开辟解决这些“连接科学”问题的途径。

Understanding the connections between the Sun and the solar wind is a key goal for both solar physics and space/heliospheric physics, and it involves multiple physical processes that control the transport of mass and energy through the corona and into interplanetary space. As well as determining the origins and drivers of steady fast and slow wind types, it is critical to also further our understanding of transient and explosive events occurring at the Sun, and how such disturbances propagate with or through the solar wind and may ultimately impact the Earth space environment. Considering the vulnerability of both space- and Earth-based infrastructure, there is a pressing need to understand the physics behind these 'space-weather' phenomenon, from Sun to Earth, in order to facilitate forecasts and predictions. The research to be undertaken by the student on this project aims to reveal some of the processes underpinning the Sun-solar wind connection, addressing questions of the nature of the drivers of solar wind release, the roles of active regions, coronal holes in accelerating different types of wind, and the dynamics of the Sun leading to explosive release of mass and energy in a CME. The student will develop and use a methodology which is centred around analysis of both remote sensing and in situ data from Solar Orbiter, particularly the MSSL instruments EUI and SWA (with other supporting datasets as appropriate), which can be used to establish the links between the solar wind and its source region and thus open the pathway to address and solve these 'connection science' issues.