Somatic Coliphage and Viral Risk Considering Treatment Competence in Low Income Settings

病毒与其他治疗过程之间的相互作用之间的差异是有据可查的。例如，游离氯对不同的柯萨奇病毒株(Kahler et la.2010)。病毒的表面电荷主要是负电荷，这种电荷随水基质的不同而变化。最近的研究表明，病毒基因组和衣壳的毒株水平差异对表面电荷和疏水性的影响可能决定了它们在混凝/絮凝阶段的去除。关于这些差异如何表现并影响病毒和凝血剂之间的相互作用，目前还缺乏相关知识。我的目标是通过测试代表不同致病病毒在不同水基质中流行的不同致病病毒的不同菌株(体细胞和F-特异性)来阐明这些方面，以解决以下问题：1.不同病毒、凝固剂/絮凝剂之间的相互作用机制是什么，凝血/絮凝的机制？2.最佳的凝固剂/絮凝剂剂量对通过破坏病毒基因组和衣壳来去除或灭活病毒的效果如何？3.在特定的条件下，所有的病毒对特定的凝血剂剂量的反应是否不同？4.病毒对不同的凝血剂剂量的反应是什么，以及它如何随着其他参数的变化而变化，如pH和温度？5.由于水中存在的大多数病毒都带负电荷。病毒清除/灭活与Zeta电位之间有什么关系？

Differences between virus interaction with other treatment processes are well documented. For example, free chlorine has a wide variety of efficacy against different strains of Coxsackievirus (Kahler et la. 2010). Viruses have a predominantly negative surface charge that varies depending on the water matrix. Recent investigations have shown the effect of strain level differences to the virus genome and capsid on the surface charge and hydrophobicity which may determine their removal during the coagulation/flocculation stage. There is a dearth of knowledge regarding how these differences manifest and influence interactions between the viruses and coagulants. I aim to shed lights on these aspect by testing different strains of coliphages (somatic and F-specific) representing different pathogenic viruses prevalent in different water matrices to address the following questions:1. What is the mechanism of interaction between different viruses, coagulants/flocculants, and mechanisms of coagulation/flocculation?2. How effective is the optimum coagulant/flocculant dose in removing or inactivating viruses by disrupting the viral genome and capsid?3. Do all viruses respond differently to a specific coagulant dose at specific conditions?4. What is the response of viruses to different coagulant doses and how it varies with change in other parameters such as pH and temperature?5. As most of the viruses present in water are negatively charged. What is the any relation between virus removal/inactivation and zeta potential?