Hybrid Expertise: Economic Knowledge Production in Tanzania, 1965-1985

从20世纪60年代末开始，达累斯萨拉姆大学（UDSM）成为非洲激进活动和学术严谨的最重要的中心之一。坦桑尼亚执政党对社会主义和自力更生目标的承诺吸引了富有同情心的外国学者，他们遇到了在国外和在UDSM接受教育的坦桑尼亚知识分子。通过采访和当代文本的研究，我的项目调查了坦桑尼亚经济学家如何为全球关于向社会主义过渡和打击不发达国家的辩论做出贡献，这些辩论集中在UDSM。经济文本将是我的核心资料来源，特别是达累斯萨拉姆经济研究局从1965年到1985年重组的工作论文，学生论文和杂志，以及坦桑尼亚银行等政府机构的研究。《Utafiti》和《非洲发展》等专著和期刊也将是重要的主要来源。仔细阅读这些文本（大多数学生论文除外，可在爱丁堡）将产生的论点，关注激励，并由特定的个人所借鉴的智力资源的案例研究，最终支持在生产有关有争议的问题，如工业化，出口和粮食作物生产，坦桑尼亚的货币体系的管理经济知识所涉及的智力工作的平衡帐户。机构文件，如年度报告，存放在联合国大学和达累斯萨拉姆国家图书馆地下室，载有关于研究和研讨会方案、工作人员和资金来源的信息，而报纸（如，每日新闻和乌胡鲁，都可以在大英图书馆）将被用来建立一个更广泛的理解当代辩论的经济问题。我还将访问查马查Mapinduzi（CCM）党在多瑙省的档案，以建立一个更强大的证据基础，讨论经济知识生产和政策制定之间的关系。最后，大部分数字化的联合国和世界银行档案包含有关国际论坛的详细信息，如1976年在内罗毕举行的联合国贸发会议会议，会上讨论了关于NIEO的建议。最后，我打算采访像塞缪尔·旺韦这样的著名经济学家，以便更全面地了解坦桑尼亚的经济知识生产及其与个人关系和学者个人愿望的关系。与受访者建立关系可以方便访问个人论文等来源，但对于了解坦桑尼亚经济学家回应全球知识辩论的方式尤为重要。在许多已出版的文本中，这一点被机构进行政策相关研究的义务所掩盖。

From the late 1960s, the University of Dar es Salaam (UDSM) became one of the foremost centres of radical activism and intellectually rigorous scholarship in Africa. The commitment of Tanzania's governing party to goals of socialism and self-reliance attracted sympathetic foreign scholars, who encountered Tanzanian intellectuals educated both abroad and at UDSM. Through interviews and the study of contemporary texts, my project investigates how Tanzanian economists contributed to the global debates about transitioning to socialism and combatting underdevelopment that became concentrated at UDSM. It also investigates how their intellectual work shaped the political imaginations of Tanzanian politicians and policy makers.Economic texts will be my core sources, especially the working papers produced at the Economic Research Bureau in Dar es Salaam from 1965 until its reorganisation in 1985, student dissertations and magazines, and the research produced at government institutions like the Bank of Tanzania. Monographs and journals such as Utafiti and Africa Development will also be important primary sources. Close readings of these texts (most except student dissertations accessible at Edinburgh) will yield case studies of the arguments made, concerns motivating, and intellectual resources drawn upon by specific individuals, ultimately supporting a balanced account of the intellectual work involved in producing economic knowledge about contested issues like industrialisation, export and food crop production, and the management of Tanzania's monetary system. Institutional documents such as annual reports, held at UDSM and in the basement of the National Library in Dar es Salaam, contain information about research and seminar programmes, staff, and sources of funding, while newspapers (e.g., Daily News and Uhuru, both available at the British Library) will be used to build up a broader understanding of contemporary debates about economic issues. I would also access the Chama cha Mapinduzi (CCM) party archives in Dodoma in order to establish a more robust evidence base for discussing the relationship between economic knowledge production and policy making. Lastly, the largely digitised UN and World Bank archives contain details about international forums like the 1976 UNCTAD conference in Nairobi at which proposals for a NIEO were debated. Finally, I intend to conduct interviews with prominent economists like Samuel Wangwe in order to gain a more holistic understanding of Tanzanian economic knowledge production and its relation to the personal relations and aspirations of individual scholars. Establishing relationships with interviewees could facilitate access to sources like personal papers, but will be especially important for understanding the ways in which Tanzanian economists were responding to global intellectual debates. This is obscured in many published texts by institutional obligations to produce policy-relevant research.