Disordered Eating in Musicians: A Mixed-Methods Exploration

研究表明，饮食失调（ED）可能是音乐家中一个非常常见的问题，Kapsetaki和Easmon（2017）研究中的301名成年音乐家中有32%报告了他们一生中某种形式的饮食失调。这大大高于男性1.89%和女性2.58%的一般人群ED终生患病率（Qian等人，2021年）。因此，对音乐家ED的研究至关重要，特别是考虑到ED的潜在致命影响，但该领域的研究不足，只有少数研究调查了这个主题（Aksoydan & Camci，2009; DiPasquale，2012; Kapsetaki & Easmon，2017）。多年来，对其他表演学科（如舞蹈和体育）中ED发展的决定因素进行了大量研究（Arcelus等人，2014; Chapa等人，2022年），但音乐教育的研究已经远远落后于比较;目前还不清楚是否有关患病率，决定因素和经验的研究结果推广到音乐领域。正如由领先的艾德慈善机构Beat（2021）编制的关于饮食失调的所有党派议会小组报告所揭示的那样，艾德研究在英国严重缺乏资金。虽然ED占英国精神健康状况人群的9%，但英国已经有限的精神健康研究资金中只有1%用于ED，尽管ED与死亡风险显著增加有关（Testa et al.，2020年）。大多数ED的治疗结果总是很差，神经性厌食症、神经性贪食症和暴食症的复发率很高（Testa et al.，2020年）。有一种“迫切需要”（Testa等人，2020年，第335页），以显著改善治疗/预防方法。该研究项目的影响有可能达到1）音乐家，2）其他表演学科，3）扩展到音乐行业之外，并有助于我们更广泛地了解普通人群中的ED。基于上述研究的建议，本项目旨在通过定性和定量方法调查音乐家ED的患病率和决定因素。我还将考虑如何利用这些知识来改善预防战略和治疗结果。由于目前几乎没有研究的主题和一个明显的差距，在文献中，我提出了一套开放的，探索性的问题，这将使我能够建立一个基本的基础，然后再追求更具体的调查线，应emerging.RQ1：什么是流行率的音乐家之间的ED在他们的专业背景下，心理，健康和人口特征？RQ 2：音乐家ED的决定因素是什么？RQ 3：被诊断患有艾德的音乐家的个人经历是什么？RQ 4：什么样的支持可能会阻止音乐家的ED发展，或者使经历过饮食失调的音乐家受益？所述人群“音乐家”包括许多不同的生活经历/阶段/职业;因此，RQ 1应调查上述特征对流行率的影响，以确定以下RQ是否应侧重于风险特别高的亚组，以产生更具体/有针对性的知识和支持。由于该项目提出了探索性问题，目的是了解客观的患病率和主观经验，因此该项目必须采取务实的方法，并利用定量和定性方法。此外，由于第四个也可以说是最重要的研究问题旨在促进预防/治疗方法的改进，因此有必要采取共同设计/共同创造的办法，以便产生和接收参与者对潜在资源的反馈意见。

Research suggests that eating disorders (EDs) may be a very common problem in musicians, with 32% of the 301 adult musicians in Kapsetaki and Easmon's (2017) study reporting some form of disordered eating over their lifetime. This is considerably higher than the general population's lifetime prevalence rate of EDs of 1.89% in males and 2.58% in females (Qian et al., 2021). Research on EDs in musicians is therefore essential, particularly given the potentially fatal impact of EDs, but the area is under-researched, with only a small handful of studies investigating the topic (Aksoydan & Camci, 2009; DiPasquale, 2012; Kapsetaki & Easmon, 2017). The determinants that contribute to the development of EDs in other performance disciplines such as dance and sport have been subject to considerable research over the years (Arcelus et al., 2014; Chapa et al., 2022), but music-ED research has fallen far behind in comparison; it is so far unclear as to whether the findings regarding prevalence, determinants and experiences generalise to the musical domain. As exposed in the All-Party Parliamentary Group on Eating Disorders report compiled by leading ED charity Beat (2021), ED research is severely underfunded in the UK. Though EDs account for 9% of people with a mental health condition in the UK, just 1% of the UK's already limited mental health research funding is dedicated to EDs, despite EDs being associated with a significantly increased risk of mortality (Testa et al., 2020). Treatment outcomes are invariably poor for most EDs, with high rates of relapse for anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge-eating disorder (Testa et al., 2020). There is an 'urgent need' (Testa et al., 2020, p.335) for significant improvement in treatment/prevention methods. The impact of this research project has the potential to reach 1) musicians, 2) other performance disciplines, and 3) extend beyond the music industry and contribute towards our wider understanding of EDs in the general population. Based on recommendations from the aforementioned research, this project aims to investigate both the prevalence of and the determinants that can contribute to EDs in musicians through qualitative and quantitative methods. I will also consider how this knowledge can be used to improve prevention strategies and treatment outcomes. As there is currently little research on the topic and a clear gap in the literature, I propose a set of open, exploratory questions that will allow me to build a basic foundation before pursuing the more specific lines of enquiry that shall emerge.RQ1: What is the prevalence rate of EDs among musicians in the context of their professional, psychological, health, and demographic characteristics? RQ2: What are the determinants of EDs among musicians? RQ3: What are the individual experiences of musicians who have been diagnosed with an ED? RQ4: What support might prevent the development of EDs in musicians or benefit musicians who have experienced disordered eating?The stated population, "musicians", encompasses many different experiences/stages of life/careers; as such, RQ1 shall investigate the impact of the aforementioned characteristics on prevalence rates to determine whether the following RQs ought to focus in on a particularly at-risk subgroup in order to generate more specific/directed knowledge and support. As this project poses exploratory questions with the aim of understanding both objective prevalence rates and subjective experiences, the project must take a pragmatic approach and utilise both quantitative and qualitative methodologies. Furthermore, as the fourth and arguably most important research question aims to facilitate improvements in prevention/treatment methods, a co-design/co-creation approach will be necessary in order to produce and receive participant feedback on potential resources.