"Where to next? Post-school transitions and career decisions among young people in Scotland - insights from the Growing Up in Scotland study "

要了解青年人如何在毕业后的过渡期做出决定，就需要调查青年人使用的各种职业建议来源，以及寻求建议的行为如何受到父母和结构性决定因素以及社会劣势、种族、移民身份、性别、健康和残疾等因素的影响。使用定量方法和数据在苏格兰长大和劳动力调查，该项目研究的背景下，在苏格兰的年轻人正在作出决定，关于毕业后的过渡，以及影响这些决定的因素。这将是英国首次使用具有全国代表性的英国国家纵向数据集，探讨影响年轻人离校后过渡决策和愿望的因素。通过使用针对苏格兰职业生态系统的问卷调查，本研究将深入了解苏格兰不同群体的年轻人如何使用当前正式的职业服务和非正式形式的建议。博士研究旨在更好地了解苏格兰年轻人目前在做出关于毕业后过渡的决定时所处的背景，以及影响这些的因素。更好地了解影响青年人职业抱负和决定的因素，对于在苏格兰设计注重平等和以人为本的职业服务至关重要，这种服务将确保青年人，无论背景如何，都能获得与未来劳动力市场相匹配的技能和资格，并实现实现包容性增长和人人享有公平工作的政策抱负。了解某些青年群体，例如具有受保护特征的青年群体，face将为我们提供如何设计一个有效的职业系统的见解，该系统提供适当的建议和服务，特别是那些遇到最大障碍的学习者，以及从非正式职业建议来源获得最少支持的学习者，以确保没有学习者被落下。这项研究旨在主要使用苏格兰成长（GUS）数据来回答以下研究问题，这些问题是专门为反映GUS和劳动力调查中的相关调查问题而设计的：（1）年轻人使用哪些职业建议来源，他们认为哪些最有影响力？(2)年轻人的计划和愿望与他们所使用的咨询来源之间有什么关系？(3)是否根据社会经济和地理因素对不同来源的职业建议的使用模式进行了社会分层？(4)父母和子女对年轻人未来的期望之间有什么关系？(5)父母的事业和职业与年轻人的职业抱负之间有什么关系？(6)年轻人在多大程度上报告说，由于新冠肺炎大流行，他们的职业计划发生了变化，计划的变化是否被社会分层？(7)目前，苏格兰和英国的年轻人在毕业后从事什么样的职业和培训，随着劳动力市场的性质发生变化并变得更加不稳定（例如，在英国退欧、新冠肺炎疫情、技术进步、生活成本危机之后），这些职业和培训发生了什么变化？

Understanding how young people navigate decisions around post-school transitions requires investigation into the varied sources of career advice young people use, and how advice-seeking behaviours are affected by the mediating role of parents and structural determinants as well as social disadvantage, race, migrant status, gender, health and disability. Using quantitative methods and data from Growing Up in Scotland and the Labour Force Survey, this project examines the context within which young people in Scotland are making decisions about post-school transitions, and the factors that influence these decisions. The context includes the post-pandemic labour market and related challenges such as the current cost-of-living crisis.This will be the first UK study to use a longitudinal, nationally representative dataset of any UK nation to explore factors influencing young people's post-school transition decisions and aspirations. By using a questionnaire tailored to the Scottish career eco-system, this research will provide an in-depth understanding of how the current formal career services and informal forms of advice are being used by different groups of young people in Scotland.The doctoral study aims to contribute to a better understanding of the context within which young people in Scotland are currently making decisions about post-school transitions, and the factors that influence these. Gaining a better understanding of the factors that influence career aspirations and decisions of young people will be crucial in designing an equality-focused and person-centred careers service in Scotland that ensures that young people, irrespective of background, gain the skills and qualifications that match the labour market of the future and deliver on the policy ambition of achieving inclusive growth and fair work for all. Understanding the structural and social barriers that certain groups of young people, e.g. those with protected characteristics, face will provide us with insights into how to design an effective career system that offers access to appropriate advice and services particularly to those learners who encounter the greatest barriers and have the least support from informal sources of careers advice to make sure no learner is being left behind.The proposed research aims to use primarily Growing Up in Scotland (GUS) data to answer the following research questions, which have been tailored to reflect the relevant survey questions in GUS, and the Labour Force Survey:(1) What sources of careers advice do young people use and which do they find most influential?(2) What is the relationship between young people's plans and aspirations and the sources they have used for advice?(3) Are patterns of use of different sources of career advice socially stratified by socio-economic and geographical factors?(4) What is the relationship between parental and child aspirations for young people's futures?(5) What is the relationship between parental careers and occupations and young people's career aspirations?(6) To what extent do young people report changing their career plans due to the Covid pandemic and are changes in plans socially stratified?(7) What kinds of post-school careers and training do young people in Scotland and the UK go on to do currently, and how have these changed as the nature of the labour market has evolved and become more precarious (e.g. following Brexit, the Covid pandemic, technological advances, the cost of living crisis)?