Deceptive Speech in Context: A Social Perspective

从日常事务到专门知识领域的主题，我们在获取关于世界的信息时严重依赖他人的话语。虽然这种对他人证词的依赖使我们能够极大地扩大我们每个人都能获得的知识范围，但它也使我们容易受到其他人可能有意无意地传递给我们的错误信息的影响。这个项目聚焦于前一种故意造成的认知性疾病，目标是我们对证词的依赖--欺骗、误导或逃避个人并可能在更大范围内影响社会的各种狡猾的言论。在这个项目中，我将提供一个证言认识论，通过从结构和整体的角度来看待这些认知性疾病的可能性，到目前为止，哲学文献中还没有探索到这些认知性疾病。应用由此产生的理论，我的目标是对当代社会日益受到困扰的各种新型欺骗性言论的机制和影响进行分析，例如传统和社交媒体上的错误/虚假信息，政治中的加密言论，以及网络空间中的先令。

From everyday matters to subjects in specialised fields of knowledge, we are critically dependent on others' words in obtaining information about the world. While this reliance on others' testimonies allows us to vastly expand the horizon of knowledge each of us can access, it also renders us vulnerable to the flow of misinformation that others may pass onto us, either intentionally or unintentionally. This project focuses on the former variety of intentionally caused epistemic ills that target our reliance on testimonies - the broad range of devious speech that deceives, misleads, or eludes individuals and potentially affects society on a larger scale.In this project, I will offer an epistemology of testimony that can account for the possibility of these epistemic ills by looking at them from a structural and holistic point of view hitherto underexplored in the philosophical literature. Applying the resulting theory, I aim to obtain analyses of the mechanisms and effects of various novel forms of deceptive speech that contemporary societies have been increasingly plagued with, such as mis/disinformation on traditional and social media, coded speech in politics, and shilling in online spaces.