Perception of speech in context by listeners with healthy and impaired hearing

听力健康和听力受损的听众对上下文中语音的感知

• 批准号: 10584131
• 负责人: Christian Edmund Stilp
• 金额: $ 28.74万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF LOUISVILLE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-22 至 2027-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10584131
• 关键词: Acoustics; Address; Affect; Auditory; Auditory Perception; Auditory Threshold; Auditory system; Behavioral; Bypass; Cochlear Implants; Code; Communication; Computer Models; Cues; Environment; Event; Foundations; Frequencies; Goals; Grain; Hearing Aids; Hearing problem; Impairment; Individual; Individual Differences; Intervention; Investigation; Knowledge; Lead; Link; Masks; Measures; Methods; Modeling; Nerve; Noise; Operating System; Pattern; Perception; Peripheral; Play; Population; Process; Property; Psychoacoustics; Reporting; Role; Sensorineural Hearing Loss; Shapes; Speech; Speech Acoustics; Speech Perception; Speech Sound; Stimulus; Stream; System; Testing; Time; Work; auditory pathway; auditory processing; base; contrast enhanced; experimental study; hearing impairment; improved; insight; model design; neural model; neuroadaptation; neuromechanism; normal hearing; relating to nervous system; response; sensory system; sound; spectral energy; translational applications; translational framework

Project Summary / Abstract Perceptual systems operate in context: perception of a given object/event is influenced by the objects/events that surround it. Speech perception operates in the same way, where perception of speech sounds is heavily influenced by the acoustic properties of contextual sounds that surround them. These acoustic context effects are critically important to perception because they help maintain perceptual constancy in the face of considerable variability in speech acoustics and listening environments. Despite this importance, there is a poor understanding of how acoustic context shapes speech perception. The well-established ways of measuring speech perception routinely present stimuli without any context, or when they do, it is to study a single context effect in quiet for listeners with normal hearing (NH). These approaches severely impede understanding of speech perception in everyday listening conditions (in context, amidst background noise) and for listeners with hearing difficulties. The long-term goal of this project is to improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying these acoustic context effects in speech perception in normal and impaired auditory systems. This goal is addressed through three specific aims. The first aim is to define the unifying relationships between different context effects in speech perception by NH and hearing-impaired (HI) populations. Experiments in the first aim utilize an individual differences approach to explore auditory context effects as a unified system rather than individual isolated effects. The second aim is to study the impact of background noise on these context effects for NH and HI populations. Experiments in the second aim will test competing predictions regarding whether noise diminishes the influence of context via masking or enhances the influence of context via streaming. The third aim is to investigate context effects in speech perception by cochlear implant (CI) users. Experiments in the third aim with real- and simulated-CI listening will elucidate mechanisms underlying context effects and the impacts of different aspects of CI processing. These aims are supplemented by computational modeling of neural responses to the speech stimuli in order to clarify peripheral versus central mechanisms underlying these context effects. Overall, the results will provide new insights into how NH, HI, and CI populations perceive sounds in the context of other sounds and in background noise. These efforts will produce better understanding of auditory perception with the realistic and prominent constraint of contextual influence, and will help to provide a neural and behavioral framework for translational applications.

项目总结/摘要 感知系统在上下文中运行：对给定对象/事件的感知受到对象/事件的影响 语音感知以同样的方式运作，其中对语音的感知严重影响 受到周围环境声音的声学特性的影响。这些声学背景效应 对感知至关重要，因为它们有助于在面对 语音声学和收听环境的相当大的可变性。尽管如此重要， 对声学背景如何塑造语音感知的理解较差。完善的方法， 测量言语知觉通常是在没有任何上下文的情况下提供刺激，或者当他们这样做时，研究一个 听力正常者安静时的单一语境效应。这些方法严重阻碍了 理解日常听力条件下的言语感知（在上下文中，在背景噪音中）， 对于听力有困难的听众。这个项目的长期目标是提高我们对 正常人和听力受损者言语知觉中这些声学语境效应的潜在机制 系统.这一目标通过三个具体目标实现。第一个目标是确定统一的关系 NH和听力受损（HI）人群在言语感知中的不同语境效应之间的关系。 第一个目标中的实验利用个体差异的方法来探索听觉语境效应作为一个 一个统一的系统，而不是孤立的个体。第二个目的是研究背景的影响 噪声对NH和HI人群的这些背景效应。第二个目标的实验将测试竞争 关于噪声是通过掩蔽来减小上下文的影响还是增强上下文的影响的预测 通过streaming的context。第三个目的是探讨耳蜗言语知觉中的语境效应 植入物（CI）用户。第三个目标的实验与真实的-和模拟-CI听力将阐明机制 潜在的上下文效应和CI加工的不同方面的影响。这些目标得到了补充 通过对语音刺激的神经反应的计算建模， 这些背景效应背后的中枢机制。总的来说，研究结果将为如何实现这些目标提供新的见解。 NH，HI和CI人群在其他声音和背景噪音的背景下感知声音。这些 努力将产生更好的理解听觉感知与现实和突出的限制， 语境的影响，并将有助于提供一个神经和行为框架的翻译应用程序。