The Mark of the Moral: Modelling the Moralisation as an Interaction of Group- and Individual-LevelProcesse

这个项目旨在提高我们对人们如何将以前没有道德地位的行为道德化的理解；也就是说，我们如何将吃肉或戴面具视为道德问题。是什么引发了这种道德化过程，它又是如何在社会中传播的？迄今为止，道德心理学的研究主要集中在人们如何做出道德决定，以及道德化的后果（例如，骚乱或利他行为）。然而，我们对行为最初是如何被视为道德的，社会环境是如何影响这一点的，以及影响群体和个人的综合因素的额外后果知之甚少。在我的博士学位期间，我将开发和测试一个道德框架，它将社会和个人层面的因素完全结合起来。首先，我将使用PRISMA框架对现有研究进行系统检查，以告知框架并澄清未解决的问题。其次，我将分两步开发一个有助于道德化的因素的计算模型：(a)个人层面的因素，采用概率图建模；(b)社会因素，采用基于主体的模型。这些模型将对道德化的过程做出准确的预测。随后，我将在一个在线实验中测试这些预测中的一些，该实验分离了每个组成部分（社会和个人层面的因素）的影响及其相互作用。这个项目将把以个人和群体为中心的道德研究方法结合起来，为道德化的心理过程提供新的见解。这项工作将为理论提供信息，帮助理解如何以及为什么分配道德地位（以及为什么不分配）。此外，这项工作可能会告诉政策制定者如何遏制道德两极分化和冲突，以及如何以及何时预测道德情感的突然出现（例如，为了确保他人的安全而戴口罩）。

This project aims to improve our understanding of how people come to moralise behaviours that previously had no moral status; that is, how we come to see eating meat or wearing a mask as moral issues. What initiates such moralisation processes, and how does it spread through society? To date, moral psychology research has focused on how people make moral decisions, and the consequences of moralisation, (e.g., riots or altruistic behaviour). However, we know little about how behaviours initially become seen as moral, how social context affects this, and the additional consequences of combining factors affecting groups and individuals.During my PhD, I will develop and test a framework of moralisation that combines exactly social and individual-level factors. First, I will conduct a systematic examination of existing research using the PRISMA framework to inform the framework and clarify unanswered questions. Secondly, I will develop a computational model of factors contributing to moralisation in two steps: (a) individual-level factors with probabilistic graph modelling and (b) social factors as an agent-based model. These models will make exact predictions about the processes of moralisation. I will subsequently test some of these predictions in an online experiment which isolates the effect of each component (social and individual-level factors) and their interaction.This project will bridge individual- and group-focused approaches to studying morality, offering novel insights into the psychological processes of moralisation. This work will inform theories, helping to understand how and why moral status is assigned (and why not). Furthermore, this work may inform policymakers on how to curb moral polarisation and conflict, and how and when to anticipate sudden emergences of moral feelings (e.g., towards mask-wearing to ensure the safety of others).