Pride or Prejudice? The Divergence of Right-Wing Populism between The Hetero and The Homo

右翼民粹主义与歧视少数群体的政治立场有关。以至于在意识形态上，它被视为反对少数群体的一整套连贯的信仰，这些政党的进步是对自由民主的挑战(加尔斯顿，2018)。然而，这种假定的一致性在不同的意识形态配置下恶化。右翼民粹主义已经看到了新一代的出现，他们在女同性恋者、男同性恋者、双性恋者和变性人(LGBT)的权利上采取了更进步的立场，同时仍然对移民和少数民族(IEM)持反对立场。这种现象被Puar(2007)贴上了“同性恋”的标签。尽管如此，对于为什么一些右翼民粹主义者接受LGBT价值观，而另一些人继续歧视他们，而所有人都支持反移民立场，人们仍然知之甚少。这个项目通过考虑右翼民粹主义者是否因转向进步的公众舆论而在政策上受到限制，和/或右翼政治企业家是否使用进步的LGBT政策来为歧视IEM辩护，来调查为什么同性恋在一些欧洲国家出现，而其他国家没有。第一阶段使用纵向数据通过多水平建模来分析同性恋意见配置的趋势。Phasetwo分析宣传以衡量同性恋政党的立场。第三阶段将选择用于过程跟踪的案例研究，包括半结构化访谈。

Right-wing populism is associated with political positionsdiscriminative against minority groups. So much so that itis viewed, ideologically, as a coherent package of beliefsagainst minority groups, with the advancement of theseparties a challenge to liberal democracy (Galston, 2018).However, this presumed coherence deteriorates underdifferent ideological configurations. Right-wing populismhas seen the emergence of a new generation, with a moreprogressive stance on Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, andTransgender (LGBT) rights - whilst still retaining anoppositional stance toward immigrants & ethnic minorities(IEM). This phenomenon has been labelled as'homonationalism' by Puar (2007). Still, little is knownabout why some right-wing populists embrace LGBT valueswhile others continue to discriminate them, whilst allespouse anti-immigration positions. This projectinvestigates why homonationalism arises in someEuropean states but not others, by considering whetherright-wing populists are constrained in their policies by ashift toward progressive public opinion, and/or whetherright-wing political entrepreneurs use progressive LGBTpolicies to justify discrimination towards IEM. Phase oneuses longitudinal data to analyse trends in homonationalistopinion configurations through multilevel modelling. Phasetwo analyses propaganda to measure homonationalistparty positions. Phase three will select case studies forprocess tracing, incorporating semi-structured interviews.